Kinareikina Anna, Silivanova Elena
All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Veterinary Entomology and Arachnology-Branch of Federal State Institution Federal Research Centre Tyumen Scientific Centre of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (ASRIVEA-Branch of Tyumen Scientific Centre SB RAS), Institutskaya st. 2, 625041 Tyumen, Russia.
Toxics. 2023 Jan 1;11(1):47. doi: 10.3390/toxics11010047.
Nowadays, the use of pesticides is, as before, the most common way to control arthropod plant pests and the ectoparasites of animals. The sublethal effects of pesticides on insects can appear at different levels, from genetics to populations, and the study of these effects is important for a better understanding of the environmental and evolutionary patterns of pesticidal resistance. The current study aimed to assess the sublethal effects of chlorfenapyr and fipronil on the activities of detoxifying enzymes (carboxylesterase-CarE, acetylcholinesterase-AChE, glutathione-S-transferase-GST, and cytochrome P450 monooxygenase-P450) in adults L. The insects were exposure to insecticides by a no-choice feeding test and the enzyme activities and the AChE kinetic parameters were examined in female and male specimens at 24 h after their exposure. According to Tukey's test, the CarE activity was statistically significantly decreased by 29.63% in the females of after an exposure to chlorfenapyr at a concentration of 0.015% when compared to the controls ( ≤ 0.05). An exposure to the sublethal concentration of fipronil (0.001%) was followed by a slightly decrease in the specific activity (33.20%, ≤ 0.05) and the main kinetic parameters (Vmax, Km) of AChE in females in comparison with the control values. The GST and P450 activities had not significantly changed in males and females 24 h after their exposure to chlorfenapyr and fipronil at sublethal concentrations. The results suggest that the males and females of displayed biochemically different responses to fipronil, that is a neurotoxin, and chlorfenapyr, that is a decoupler of oxidative phosphorylation. Further research needs to be addressed to the molecular mechanisms underlying the peculiarities of the insect enzyme responses to different insecticides.
如今，使用杀虫剂依旧是控制节肢动物植物害虫和动物体外寄生虫最常见的方法。杀虫剂对昆虫的亚致死效应可在从基因到种群的不同层面显现，研究这些效应对于更好地理解抗药性的环境和进化模式至关重要。当前的研究旨在评估氯虫苯甲酰胺和氟虫腈对成年L.的解毒酶（羧酸酯酶 - CarE、乙酰胆碱酯酶 - AChE、谷胱甘肽 - S - 转移酶 - GST和细胞色素P450单加氧酶 - P450）活性的亚致死效应。通过无选择摄食试验使昆虫接触杀虫剂，并在接触后24小时检测雌雄样本的酶活性和AChE动力学参数。根据Tukey检验，与对照组相比，当暴露于浓度为0.015%的氯虫苯甲酰胺时，雌性的CarE活性在统计学上显著降低了29.63%（P≤0.05）。与对照值相比，暴露于亚致死浓度的氟虫腈（0.001%）后，雌性AChE的比活性略有下降（33.20%，P≤0.05），其主要动力学参数（Vmax、Km）也有所下降。在亚致死浓度下暴露于氯虫苯甲酰胺和氟虫腈24小时后，雄性和雌性的GST和P450活性均未发生显著变化。结果表明，L.的雄性和雌性对神经毒素氟虫腈和氧化磷酸化解偶联剂氯虫苯甲酰胺表现出不同的生化反应。需要进一步研究昆虫对不同杀虫剂酶反应特性背后的分子机制。
