Institute of Pharmacy, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia.
Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia.
Mol Pharm. 2023 Feb 6;20(2):1230-1246. doi: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00902. Epub 2023 Jan 20.
Increasing evidence suggests that the chronicity of wounds is associated with the presence of bacterial biofilms. Therefore, novel wound care products are being developed, which can inhibit biofilm formation and/or treat already formed biofilms. A lack of standardized assays for the analysis of such novel antibacterial drug delivery systems enhances the need for appropriate tools and models for their characterization. Herein, we demonstrate that optimized and biorelevant and wound infection and biofilm models offer a convenient approach for the testing of novel antibacterial wound dressings for their antibacterial and antibiofilm properties, allowing one to obtain qualitative and quantitative results. The model was developed using an electrospun (ES) thermally crosslinked gelatin-glucose (GEL-Glu) matrix and an wound infection model using pig ear skin. Wound pathogens were used for colonization and biofilm development on the GEL-Glu matrix or pig skin with superficial burn wounds. The model allowed us to obtain more reproducible results compared with the model, whereas the model had the advantage that several pathogens preferred to form a biofilm on pig skin compared with the GEL-Glu matrix. The model functioned poorly for biofilm formation, but it worked well for and , which were able to use the GEL-Glu matrix as a nutrient source and not only as a surface for biofilm growth. On the other hand, all tested pathogens were equally able to produce a biofilm on the surface of pig skin. The developed biofilm models enabled us to compare different ES dressings [pristine and chloramphenicol-loaded polycaprolactone (PCL) and PCL-poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) (PCL/PEO) dressings] and understand their biofilm inhibition and treatment properties on various pathogens. Furthermore, we show that biofilms were formed on the wound surface as well as on a wound dressing, indicating that the demonstrated methods mimic well the situation. Colony forming unit (CFU) counting and live biofilm matrix as well as bacterial DNA staining together with microscopic imaging were performed for biofilm quantification and visualization, respectively. The results showed that both wound biofilm models ( and ) enabled the evaluation of the desired antibiofilm properties, thus facilitating the design and development of more effective wound care products and screening of various formulations and active substances.
越来越多的证据表明，伤口的慢性化与细菌生物膜的存在有关。因此，正在开发新型伤口护理产品，这些产品可以抑制生物膜的形成和/或治疗已经形成的生物膜。由于缺乏用于分析此类新型抗菌药物递送系统的标准化测定方法，因此更加需要适当的工具和模型来对其进行表征。在这里，我们证明了优化的、具有生物相关性的伤口感染和生物膜模型为测试新型抗菌伤口敷料的抗菌和抗生物膜特性提供了一种方便的方法，可以获得定性和定量的结果。该模型是使用静电纺丝（ES）热交联明胶-葡萄糖（GEL-Glu）基质和猪耳皮肤的伤口感染模型开发的。使用伤口病原体在 GEL-Glu 基质或猪皮上进行定植和生物膜形成，猪皮上有浅表烧伤。与 模型相比，该模型可以获得更具可重复性的结果，而 模型的优势在于，与 GEL-Glu 基质相比，几种病原体更喜欢在猪皮上形成生物膜。该模型在生物膜形成方面效果不佳，但对于 和 ，它们能够将 GEL-Glu 基质用作营养源，而不仅仅是生物膜生长的表面，效果良好。另一方面，所有测试的病原体都能够在猪皮表面同样形成生物膜。所开发的生物膜模型使我们能够比较不同的 ES 敷料[原始和氯霉素负载的聚己内酯（PCL）和 PCL-聚（氧化乙烯）（PEO）（PCL/PEO）敷料]，并了解它们对各种病原体的生物膜抑制和治疗特性。此外，我们表明生物膜不仅在伤口表面形成，而且在伤口敷料上也形成，表明所展示的方法很好地模拟了实际情况。进行了集落形成单位（CFU）计数和活生物膜基质以及细菌 DNA 染色，分别与显微镜成像一起用于生物膜定量和可视化。结果表明，两种伤口生物膜模型（ 和 ）都能够评估所需的抗生物膜特性，从而有助于设计和开发更有效的伤口护理产品，并筛选各种制剂和活性物质。
