Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Max von Laue Strasse 4, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany.
Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Max von Laue Strasse 4, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany.
Mol Cell. 2023 Feb 2;83(3):452-468. doi: 10.1016/j.molcel.2022.12.030. Epub 2023 Jan 19.
As our understanding of the cell interior has grown, we have come to appreciate that most cellular operations are localized, that is, they occur at discrete and identifiable locations or domains. These cellular domains contain enzymes, machines, and other components necessary to carry out and regulate these localized operations. Here, we review these features of one such operation: the localization and translation of mRNAs within subcellular compartments observed across cell types and organisms. We describe the conceptual advantages and the "ingredients" and mechanisms of local translation. We focus on the nature and features of localized mRNAs, how they travel and get localized, and how this process is regulated. We also evaluate our current understanding of protein synthesis machines (ribosomes) and their cadre of regulatory elements, that is, the translation factors.
随着我们对细胞内部的理解不断加深，我们逐渐认识到大多数细胞操作都是局部化的，也就是说，它们发生在离散且可识别的位置或区域。这些细胞区域包含了进行和调节这些局部操作所需的酶、机器和其他组件。在这里，我们回顾了这种操作的一个特征：在不同类型的细胞和生物体中观察到的 mRNA 在亚细胞隔室中的定位和翻译。我们描述了局部翻译的概念优势以及“成分”和机制。我们专注于局部化 mRNA 的性质和特征，它们如何运输和定位，以及这个过程是如何被调节的。我们还评估了我们对蛋白质合成机器（核糖体）及其调节元件（即翻译因子）的现有理解。
