School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA.
School of Computer, Mathematical, and Natural Sciences, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD 21251, USA.
Genes (Basel). 2022 Dec 22;14(1):23. doi: 10.3390/genes14010023.
Calsequestrin Type 2 (CASQ2) is a high-capacity, low-affinity, Ca-binding protein expressed in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) of the cardiac myocyte. Mutations in CASQ2 have been linked to the arrhythmia catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT2) that occurs with acute emotional stress or exercise can result in sudden cardiac death (SCD). CASQ2 is a 16 bp (339-354) deletion CASQ2 mutation that prevents the protein expression due to premature stop codon. Understanding the subcellular mechanisms of CPVT2 is experimentally challenging because the occurrence of arrhythmia is rare. To obtain an insight into the characteristics of this rare disease, simulation studies using a local control stochastic computational model of the Guinea pig ventricular myocyte investigated how the mutant CASQ2s may be responsible for the development of an arrhythmogenic episode under the condition of β-adrenergic stimulation or in the slowing of heart rate afterward once β-adrenergic stimulation ceases. Adjustment of the computational model parameters based upon recent experiments explore the functional changes caused by the CASQ2 mutation. In the simulation studies under rapid pacing (6 Hz), electromechanically concordant cellular alternans appeared under β-adrenergic stimulation in the CPVT mutant but not in the wild-type nor in the non-β-stimulated mutant. Similarly, the simulations of accelerating pacing from slow to rapid and back to the slow pacing did not display alternans but did generate early afterdepolarizations (EADs) during the period of second slow pacing subsequent acceleration of rapid pacing.
肌浆网钙结合蛋白 2 型(CASQ2)是一种高容量、低亲和力、与 Ca2+结合的蛋白,在心肌细胞的肌浆网(SR)中表达。CASQ2 突变与心律失常儿茶酚胺多形性室性心动过速(CPVT2)有关,这种心律失常在急性情绪应激或运动时发生,可导致心脏性猝死(SCD)。CASQ2 是一个 16bp(339-354)缺失的 CASQ2 突变,由于提前出现终止密码子,阻止了蛋白表达。由于心律失常的发生很少见,因此实验研究 CPVT2 的亚细胞机制具有挑战性。为了深入了解这种罕见疾病的特征,使用豚鼠心室肌局部控制随机计算模型对 CPVT2 进行模拟研究,探讨了在β-肾上腺素能刺激下,突变型 CASQ2 如何导致心律失常发作,以及一旦β-肾上腺素能刺激停止后,心率减慢后如何导致心律失常发作。根据最近的实验调整计算模型参数,探讨了 CASQ2 突变引起的功能变化。在快速起搏(6Hz)下的模拟研究中,β-肾上腺素能刺激下 CPVT 突变体出现电机械协调性细胞交替,但在野生型和非β刺激突变体中没有出现。同样,从缓慢起搏加速到快速起搏再回到缓慢起搏的模拟也没有显示交替,但在第二次缓慢起搏加速到快速起搏的期间确实产生了早期后除极(EADs)。