Sinvani Rachel-Tzofia, Golos Anat, Ben Zagmi Stav, Gilboa Yafit
School of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9124001, Israel.
Child Development Center, "Meuhedet" Health Maintenance Organization, Ashdod 7727408, Israel.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023 Jan 11;20(2):1338. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20021338.
The current study aimed to examine the unique contribution of personal and environmental factors to explain graphomotor skills in typically developing preschoolers and first-year elementary school students. A convenience sample of 136 Israeli children aged three−seven years was recruited. Graphomotor skills were assessed using the Gilboa Functional Test (GIFT); personal and environmental factors were assessed using a demographic questionnaire and the Home Literacy Experiences Questionnaire (HLEQ). A hierarchical multiple linear regression analysis revealed that home literacy and educational approach accounted for 43.1% of the variance of graphomotor skills (R2 = 40.4, p < 0.000), each providing a unique contribution to the explained variance after controlling for age, gender, and spoken language. Generally, our results supported the bioecological model, with proximal factors (home literacy and educational approach) having a greater influence on child graphomotor skills than distal factors (parental socioeconomic and immigration status). By highlighting the role of environmental factors in graphomotor development, these results can be used as a conceptual framework for developing early intervention programs.
本研究旨在探讨个人因素和环境因素对解释正常发育的学龄前儿童和小学一年级学生书写运动技能的独特贡献。招募了136名年龄在3至7岁的以色列儿童作为便利样本。使用吉尔博亚功能测试（GIFT）评估书写运动技能；使用人口统计问卷和家庭读写经历问卷（HLEQ）评估个人因素和环境因素。分层多元线性回归分析显示，家庭读写能力和教育方式占书写运动技能方差的43.1%（R2 = 40.4，p < 0.000），在控制年龄、性别和口语后，二者对解释方差均有独特贡献。总体而言，我们的结果支持生物生态模型，近端因素（家庭读写能力和教育方式）比远端因素（父母的社会经济和移民身份）对儿童书写运动技能的影响更大。通过强调环境因素在书写运动发展中的作用，这些结果可作为制定早期干预计划的概念框架。
