School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023 Jan 14;20(2):1561. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20021561.
Discussions regarding syndemics have dominated research in recent years. Vaccine hesitancy has also been propelled to the forefront. In this narrative review, we aim to frame a novel syndemic framework to understand the interaction between vaccine hesitancy, COVID-19, and negative health outcomes.
A non-systematic electronic search was conducted in PubMed and Google Scholar. Search criteria were limited to articles published between November 2019 and June 2022. Articles related to the COVID-19 syndemic and vaccine hesitancy were included.
Our review revealed that the adherence to COVID-19 regulations-although they were effective in preventing COVID-19 transmission, cases, and deaths-created a dynamically unstable 'vicious cycle' between undesirable health, economic, and social outcomes. The "accumulation" of complex stressors decreased individuals' cognitive flexibility and hindered them from making decisions and getting vaccinated. Furthermore, it increased individuals' risk of acquiring COVID-19, losing their employment, increasing poverty, and decreasing healthcare utilization. We illustrated how the amalgamation of sociodemographic and contextual factors associated with COVID-19 might impact people's vaccine decisions, making them more hesitant toward COVID-19 vaccination. Failing to receive vaccinations increases the chances of COVID-19 transmission, hospitalization, and other negative health outcomes.
Understanding the interaction between these factors is essential to provide policymakers with inspiration to set appropriate interventions for promoting COVID-19 vaccination acceptance to decrease the overall burden of pandemics.
近年来，关于综合征的讨论一直占据着研究的主导地位。疫苗犹豫也被推向了前沿。在这篇叙述性综述中，我们旨在构建一个新的综合征框架，以理解疫苗犹豫、COVID-19 和负面健康结果之间的相互作用。
我们在 PubMed 和 Google Scholar 上进行了非系统性的电子搜索。搜索标准仅限于 2019 年 11 月至 2022 年 6 月期间发表的文章。包括与 COVID-19 综合征和疫苗犹豫相关的文章。
我们的综述表明，尽管 COVID-19 法规的遵守（尽管它们在预防 COVID-19 传播、病例和死亡方面非常有效）在不良健康、经济和社会结果之间创造了一个动态不稳定的“恶性循环”。复杂压力源的“积累”降低了个体的认知灵活性，阻碍了他们做出决策和接种疫苗。此外，它增加了个体感染 COVID-19、失业、贫困和减少医疗保健利用的风险。我们说明了与 COVID-19 相关的社会人口和背景因素的融合如何影响人们的疫苗决策，使他们对 COVID-19 疫苗接种更加犹豫不决。未能接种疫苗会增加 COVID-19 传播、住院和其他负面健康结果的机会。
理解这些因素之间的相互作用对于为政策制定者提供灵感以制定适当的干预措施来促进 COVID-19 疫苗接种接受率，从而减轻大流行病的总体负担至关重要。
