Clinical Department of Internal Medicine, Pneumology and Allergology, Wroclaw Medical University, ul. M. Curie-Skłodowskiej 66, 50-369 Wrocław, Poland.
Clinical Department of Ophthalmology, 4th Military Clinical Hospital with Polyclinic, ul. Rudolfa Weigla 5, 50-981 Wrocław, Poland.
Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Jan 5;24(2):1024. doi: 10.3390/ijms24021024.
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) as a microangiopathy is the most common complication in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and remains the leading cause of blindness among adult population. DM in its complicated pathomechanism relates to chronic hyperglycemia, hypoinsulinemia, dyslipidemia and hypertension-all these components in molecular pathways maintain oxidative stress, formation of advanced glycation end-products, microvascular changes, inflammation, and retinal neurodegeneration as one of the key players in diabetes-associated retinal perturbations. In this current review, we discuss the natural history of DR with special emphasis on ongoing inflammation and the key role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Additionally, we provide an overview of the principles of diabetic retinopathy treatments, i.e., in laser therapy, anti-VEGF and steroid options.
糖尿病性视网膜病变（DR）作为一种微血管病变，是糖尿病（DM）患者最常见的并发症，也是成年人致盲的主要原因。DM 的复杂发病机制与慢性高血糖、胰岛素缺乏、血脂异常和高血压有关——所有这些分子途径的组成部分都维持着氧化应激、晚期糖基化终产物的形成、微血管变化、炎症和视网膜神经退行性变，这些都是糖尿病相关视网膜病变的关键因素之一。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了 DR 的自然病程，特别强调了持续的炎症和血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）的关键作用。此外，我们还概述了糖尿病性视网膜病变的治疗原则，如激光治疗、抗 VEGF 和类固醇治疗。
