Rademaker Maaike M, Meijers Sebastiaan M, Smit Adriana L, Stegeman Inge
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands.
UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands.
J Clin Med. 2023 Jan 16;12(2):695. doi: 10.3390/jcm12020695.
The presence of tinnitus does not necessarily imply associated suffering. Prediction models on the impact of tinnitus on daily life could aid medical professionals to direct specific medical resources to those (groups of) tinnitus patients with specific levels of impact. Models of tinnitus presence could possibly identify risk factors for tinnitus. We systematically searched the PubMed and EMBASE databases for articles published up to January 2021. We included all studies that reported on multivariable prediction models for tinnitus presence or the impact of tinnitus on daily life. Twenty-one development studies were included, with a total of 31 prediction models. Seventeen studies made a prediction model for the impact of tinnitus on daily life, three studies made a prediction model for tinnitus presence and one study made models for both. The risk of bias was high and reporting was poor in all studies. The most used predictors in the final impact on daily life models were depression- or anxiety-associated questionnaire scores. Demographic predictors were most common in final presence models. No models were internally or externally validated. All published prediction models were poorly reported and had a high risk of bias. This hinders the usability of the current prediction models. Methodological guidance is available for the development and validation of prediction models. Researchers should consider the importance and clinical relevance of the models they develop and should consider validation of existing models before developing new ones.
耳鸣的存在并不一定意味着伴有痛苦。关于耳鸣对日常生活影响的预测模型可以帮助医学专业人员将特定的医疗资源导向那些对日常生活有特定影响程度的耳鸣患者（群体）。耳鸣存在的模型可能会识别出耳鸣的风险因素。我们系统地检索了截至2021年1月发表在PubMed和EMBASE数据库中的文章。我们纳入了所有报告耳鸣存在的多变量预测模型或耳鸣对日常生活影响的研究。共纳入21项开发研究，共有31个预测模型。17项研究建立了耳鸣对日常生活影响的预测模型，3项研究建立了耳鸣存在的预测模型，1项研究同时建立了这两种模型。所有研究的偏倚风险都很高，报告质量也很差。在最终的日常生活影响模型中最常用的预测因素是与抑郁或焦虑相关的问卷得分。人口统计学预测因素在最终的存在模型中最为常见。没有模型进行内部或外部验证。所有已发表的预测模型报告质量都很差，且偏倚风险很高。这阻碍了当前预测模型的可用性。对于预测模型的开发和验证有方法学指导。研究人员在开发新模型之前应考虑他们所开发模型的重要性和临床相关性，并应考虑对现有模型进行验证。
