Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Karnataka (NITK), Mangalore 575025, India.
Department of Physics, MVJ College of Engineering, Bangalore 560067, India.
Molecules. 2023 Jan 11;28(2):719. doi: 10.3390/molecules28020719.
The bioremediation of heavy metal ions and pesticides is both cost-effective and environmentally friendly. Microbial remediation is considered superior to conventional abiotic remediation processes, due to its cost-effectiveness, decrement of biological and chemical sludge, selectivity toward specific metal ions, and high removal efficiency in dilute effluents. Immobilization technology using biochar as a carrier is one important approach for advancing microbial remediation. This article provides an overview of biochar-based materials, including their design and production strategies, physicochemical properties, and applications as adsorbents and support for microorganisms. Microorganisms that can cope with the various heavy metal ions and/or pesticides that enter the environment are also outlined in this review. Pesticide and heavy metal bioremediation can be influenced by microbial activity, pollutant bioavailability, and environmental factors, such as pH and temperature. Furthermore, by elucidating the interaction mechanisms, this paper summarizes the microbe-mediated remediation of heavy metals and pesticides. In this review, we also compile and discuss those works focusing on the study of various bioremediation strategies utilizing biochar and microorganisms and how the immobilized bacteria on biochar contribute to the improvement of bioremediation strategies. There is also a summary of the sources and harmful effects of pesticides and heavy metals. Finally, based on the research described above, this study outlines the future scope of this field.
重金属离子和农药的生物修复既经济又环保。由于其成本效益高、生物和化学污泥减少、对特定金属离子具有选择性以及在稀溶液中去除效率高，微生物修复被认为优于传统的非生物修复过程。利用生物炭作为载体的固定化技术是推进微生物修复的重要方法之一。本文概述了基于生物炭的材料，包括其设计和生产策略、物理化学性质以及作为吸附剂和微生物支持物的应用。本文还概述了能够应对进入环境的各种重金属离子和/或农药的微生物。在本文中，通过阐明相互作用机制，总结了微生物介导的重金属和农药的修复。在这篇综述中，我们还汇编和讨论了那些专注于利用生物炭和微生物研究各种生物修复策略的工作，以及固定在生物炭上的细菌如何有助于改善生物修复策略。还总结了农药和重金属的来源和危害。最后，根据上述研究，本研究概述了该领域的未来研究范围。
