Woźnica Marcin, Sobiech Monika, Luliński Piotr
Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland.
Nanomaterials (Basel). 2023 Jan 6;13(2):248. doi: 10.3390/nano13020248.
Molecular imprinting technology is a well-known strategy to synthesize materials with a predetermined specificity. For fifty years, the "classical" approach assumed the creation of "memory sites" in the organic polymer matrix by a template molecule that interacts with the functional monomer prior to the polymerization and template removal. However, the phenomenon of a material's "memory" provided by the "footprint" of the chemical entity was first observed on silica-based materials nearly a century ago. Through the years, molecular imprinting technology has attracted the attention of many scientists. Different forms of molecularly imprinted materials, even on the nanoscale, were elaborated, predominantly using organic polymers to induce the "memory". This field has expanded quickly in recent years, providing versatile tools for the separation or detection of numerous chemical compounds or even macromolecules. In this review, we would like to emphasize the role of the molecular imprinting process in the formation of highly specific siloxane-based nanomaterials. The distinct chemistry of siloxanes provides an opportunity for the facile functionalization of the surfaces of nanomaterials, enabling us to introduce additional properties and providing a way for vast applications such as detectors or separators. It also allows for catalyzing chemical reactions providing microreactors to facilitate organic synthesis. Finally, it determines the properties of siloxanes such as biocompatibility, which opens the way to applications in drug delivery and nanomedicine. Thus, a brief outlook on the chemistry of siloxanes prior to the discussion of the current state of the art of siloxane-based imprinted nanomaterials will be provided. Those aspects will be presented in the context of practical applications in various areas of chemistry and medicine. Finally, a brief outlook of future perspectives for the field will be pointed out.
分子印迹技术是一种合成具有预定特异性材料的著名策略。五十年来，“经典”方法假定通过模板分子在有机聚合物基质中创建“记忆位点”，该模板分子在聚合和模板去除之前与功能单体相互作用。然而，近一个世纪前在二氧化硅基材料上首次观察到由化学实体的“足迹”提供的材料“记忆”现象。多年来，分子印迹技术吸引了许多科学家的关注。人们制备了不同形式的分子印迹材料，甚至是纳米级的材料，主要使用有机聚合物来诱导“记忆”。近年来，该领域发展迅速，为分离或检测众多化合物甚至大分子提供了通用工具。在这篇综述中，我们想强调分子印迹过程在形成高特异性硅氧烷基纳米材料中的作用。硅氧烷独特的化学性质为纳米材料表面的轻松功能化提供了机会，使我们能够引入额外的性能，并为诸如探测器或分离器等广泛应用提供了途径。它还允许催化化学反应，提供微反应器以促进有机合成。最后，它决定了硅氧烷的性质，如生物相容性，这为药物递送和纳米医学的应用开辟了道路。因此，在讨论基于硅氧烷的印迹纳米材料的当前技术水平之前，将简要介绍硅氧烷的化学性质。这些方面将在化学和医学各个领域的实际应用背景下进行介绍。最后，将指出该领域未来的简要展望。
