Zhou Xinyi, Cao Wenhan
School of Information Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China.
Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Energy Efficient and Custom AI IC, Shanghai 201210, China.
Nanomaterials (Basel). 2023 Jan 12;13(2):316. doi: 10.3390/nano13020316.
In recent years, the emergence of low-dimensional carbon-based materials, such as carbon dots, carbon nanotubes, and graphene, together with the advances in materials science, have greatly enriched the variety of flexible and stretchable electronic devices. Compared with conventional rigid devices, these soft robotic sensors and actuators exhibit remarkable advantages in terms of their biocompatibility, portability, power efficiency, and wearability, thus creating myriad possibilities of novel wearable and implantable tactile sensors, as well as micro-/nano-soft actuation systems. Interestingly, not only are carbon-based materials ideal constituents for photodetectors, gas, thermal, triboelectric sensors due to their geometry and extraordinary sensitivity to various external stimuli, but they also provide significantly more precise manipulation of the actuators than conventional centimeter-scale pneumatic and hydraulic robotic actuators, at a molecular level. In this review, we summarize recent progress on state-of-the-art flexible and stretchable carbon-based sensors and actuators that have creatively added to the development of biomedicine, nanoscience, materials science, as well as soft robotics. In the end, we propose the future potential of carbon-based materials for biomedical and soft robotic applications.
近年来，诸如碳点、碳纳米管和石墨烯等低维碳基材料的出现，以及材料科学的进步，极大地丰富了柔性和可拉伸电子设备的种类。与传统的刚性设备相比，这些软机器人传感器和致动器在生物相容性、便携性、功率效率和可穿戴性方面表现出显著优势，从而为新型可穿戴和可植入触觉传感器以及微/纳软驱动系统创造了无数可能性。有趣的是，碳基材料不仅因其几何形状和对各种外部刺激的非凡敏感性而成为光电探测器、气体、热、摩擦电传感器的理想成分，而且在分子水平上，它们还能比传统的厘米级气动和液压机器人致动器更精确地操控致动器。在这篇综述中，我们总结了最新的先进柔性和可拉伸碳基传感器及致动器的进展，这些进展创造性地推动了生物医学、纳米科学、材料科学以及软机器人技术的发展。最后，我们提出了碳基材料在生物医学和软机器人应用方面的未来潜力。
