Zhang Xiaoyan, Cheng Jia'ao, Xue Hongjun, Chen Siyu
School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
School of Aeronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
Sensors (Basel). 2023 Jan 9;23(2):736. doi: 10.3390/s23020736.
Head-worn displays (HWDs) as timely condition monitoring are increasingly used in aviation. However, interface design characteristics that mainly affect HWD use have not been fully investigated. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of several important interface design characteristics (i.e., the distance between calibration lines and the layouts of vertical and horizontal scale belts) on task performance and user preference between different conditions of display, i.e., HWD or head-up display (HUD). Thirty participants joined an experiment in which they performed flight tasks. In the experiment, the calibration lines' distance was set to three different levels (7, 9 and 11 mrad), and the scale belt layouts included horizontal and vertical scale belt layouts. The scale belts were set as follows: the original vertical scale belt width was set as L, and the horizontal scale belt height as H. The three layouts of the vertical calibration scale belt used were 3/4H, H and 3H/2. Three layouts of horizontal calibration scale belts were selected as 3L/4, L and 3L/2. The results indicated that participants did better with the HWD compared to the HUD. Both layouts of vertical and horizontal scale belts yielded significant effects on the users' task performance and preference. Users showed the best task performance while the vertical calibration scale belts were set as H and horizontal calibration scale belts were set as L, and users generally preferred interface design characteristics that could yield an optimal performance. These findings could facilitate the optimal design of usable head-worn-display technology.
头戴式显示器（HWD）作为一种实时状态监测设备，在航空领域的应用越来越广泛。然而，主要影响HWD使用的界面设计特性尚未得到充分研究。本研究的目的是考察几个重要的界面设计特性（即校准线之间的距离以及垂直和水平刻度带的布局）对不同显示条件（即HWD或平视显示器（HUD））下任务绩效和用户偏好的影响。30名参与者参加了一项执行飞行任务的实验。在实验中，校准线的距离设置为三个不同水平（7、9和11毫弧度），刻度带布局包括水平和垂直刻度带布局。刻度带设置如下：原始垂直刻度带宽度设为L，水平刻度带高度设为H。使用的垂直校准刻度带的三种布局分别为3/4H、H和3H/2。水平校准刻度带的三种布局分别选为3L/4、L和3L/2。结果表明，与HUD相比，参与者使用HWD时表现更好。垂直和水平刻度带的布局对用户的任务绩效和偏好均产生了显著影响。当垂直校准刻度带设为H且水平校准刻度带设为L时，用户表现出最佳的任务绩效，并且用户通常更喜欢能够产生最佳性能的界面设计特性。这些发现有助于优化可用头戴式显示技术的设计。
