Sansone Emanuele, Bonfanti Carlo, Sala Emma, Renzetti Stefano, Terlenghi Luigina, Matteelli Alberto, Tiraboschi Mara Maria, Pedrazzi Tatiana, Lombardo Massimo, Rossi Camillo, Indelicato Anna Maria, Caruso Arnaldo, De Palma Giuseppe
Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, Unit of Occupational Health and Industrial Hygiene, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Institute of Microbiology, University of Brescia-ASST Spedali Civili, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
Vaccines (Basel). 2022 Dec 20;11(1):8. doi: 10.3390/vaccines11010008.
This is a longitudinal prospective study which was designed to assess the trend of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies targeting the Spike (anti-S) and Nucleocapside protein (anti-N) viral antigens over a 9-month period after the administration of an anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in a big COVID-19 hospital located in Northern Italy.
7411 vaccinated workers were included in a linear mixed-effect model analysis performed to model the anti-S decay over the 9 months following the vaccination, during serological screening performed approximately 2, 4, and 9 months following the first jab administration. Serological tests performed in the 9 months preceding vaccine administration were retrospectively analysed to identify the burden of infections occurring before vaccination.
The serological assays were used for monitoring the antibody titres during the observational period. Vaccination significantly reduced the rate of infection and elicited a specific humoral response, which lasted during the whole observational period (9 months). A decay was observed in all considered subgroups. At 35 weeks, workers with no history of pre-vaccine infection showed a significantly lower anti-S titre (-2522 U/mL on average (-2589.7 to -2445.7)); younger workers showed significantly higher anti-S titres (140.2 U/mL on average (82.4 to 201.3)). Only seven immunocompromised workers did not show significant levels of anti-S antibodies; three of them, all females, showed a specific T-cell response.
Comparing the 9-month periods before and after the first vaccine dose, a significant reduction in infection rate was observed (1708 cases vs. 156). Pre-vaccine infection, especially if contracted during the first pandemic wave, greatly enhanced the response to vaccination, which was significantly affected also by age both in extent and duration (inversely related). A gender effect on the T-cell immune response was observed in a small group of workers who did not produce antibodies after vaccine administration.
这是一项纵向前瞻性研究，旨在评估在意大利北部一家大型新冠肺炎医院接种抗SARS-CoV-2疫苗后9个月内，针对刺突蛋白（抗S）和核衣壳蛋白（抗N）病毒抗原的抗SARS-CoV-2抗体的变化趋势。
7411名接种疫苗的工作人员纳入线性混合效应模型分析，以模拟接种疫苗后9个月内抗S抗体的衰减情况，该分析在首次接种疫苗后约2、4和9个月进行血清学筛查时进行。对疫苗接种前9个月内进行的血清学检测进行回顾性分析，以确定接种疫苗前发生的感染负担。
血清学检测用于在观察期内监测抗体滴度。接种疫苗显著降低了感染率，并引发了特异性体液反应，该反应在整个观察期（9个月）内持续存在。在所有考虑的亚组中均观察到抗体衰减。在35周时，无疫苗接种前感染史的工作人员抗S抗体滴度显著较低（平均为-2522 U/mL（-2589.7至-2445.7））；年轻工作人员的抗S抗体滴度显著较高（平均为140.2 U/mL（82.4至201.3））。只有7名免疫功能低下的工作人员未显示出显著水平的抗S抗体；其中3名均为女性，表现出特异性T细胞反应。
比较首次接种疫苗前后的9个月，感染率显著降低（1708例 vs. 156例）。疫苗接种前的感染，尤其是在第一波疫情期间感染的，极大地增强了对疫苗接种的反应，年龄在反应程度和持续时间上也对其有显著影响（呈负相关）。在一小部分接种疫苗后未产生抗体的工作人员中观察到性别对T细胞免疫反应的影响。
