College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
Viruses. 2023 Jan 14;15(1):240. doi: 10.3390/v15010240.
The newly identified porcine Kobuvirus (PKV) has raised concerns owing to its association with diarrheal symptom in pigs worldwide. The process involving the emergence and global spread of PKV remains largely unknown. Here, the origin, genetic diversity, and geographic distribution of PKV were determined based on the available PKV sequence information. PKV might be derived from the rabbit Kobuvirus and sheep were an important intermediate host. The most recent ancestor of PKV could be traced back to 1975. Two major clades are identified, PKVa and PKVb, and recombination events increase PKV genetic diversity. Cross-species transmission of PKV might be linked to interspecies conserved amino acids at 13-17 and 25-40 residue motifs of Kobuvirus VP1 proteins. Phylogeographic analysis showed that Spain was the most likely location of PKV origin, which then spread to pig-rearing countries in Asia, Africa, and Europe. Within China, the Hubei province was identified as a primary hub of PKV, transmitting to the east, southwest, and northeast regions of the country. Taken together, our findings have important implications for understanding the evolutionary origin, genetic recombination, and geographic distribution of PKV thereby facilitating the design of preventive and containment measures to combat PKV infection.
新鉴定的猪源 Kobuvirus（PKV）因其与全球猪腹泻症状有关而引起关注。PKV 的出现和全球传播过程在很大程度上尚不清楚。在此，基于现有的 PKV 序列信息，确定了 PKV 的起源、遗传多样性和地理分布。PKV 可能源自兔源 Kobuvirus，而绵羊是其重要的中间宿主。PKV 的最近共同祖先可追溯到 1975 年。鉴定出两个主要分支，PKVa 和 PKVb，重组事件增加了 PKV 的遗传多样性。PKV 的种间传播可能与 Kobuvirus VP1 蛋白的 13-17 和 25-40 位残基模体中保守的氨基酸有关。系统发育地理分析表明，西班牙是 PKV 的起源地，然后传播到亚洲、非洲和欧洲的养猪国家。在中国，湖北省被确定为 PKV 的主要传播中心，向中国的东部、西南部和东北部地区传播。总之，我们的研究结果对于理解 PKV 的进化起源、遗传重组和地理分布具有重要意义，有助于设计预防和控制 PKV 感染的措施。
