Department of Urology, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
Department of Urology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.
BJU Int. 2023 Jun;131(6):675-684. doi: 10.1111/bju.15975. Epub 2023 Feb 6.
To systematically review studies that investigated different biomarkers of nocturia, including omics-driven biomarkers or 'Nocturomics'.
PubMed , Scopus , and Embase were searched systematically in May 2022 for research papers on biomarkers in physiological fluids and tissues from patients with nocturia. A distinction was made between biomarkers or candidates discovered by omics techniques, referred to as omics-driven biomarkers, and classical biomarkers, measured by standard laboratory techniques and mostly thought from pathophysiological hypothesis.
A total of 13 studies with 18 881 patients in total were included, eight of which focused on classical biomarkers including: atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), aldosterone, and melatonin. Five were 'Nocturomics', including one that assessed the microbiome and identified 27 faecal and eight urinary bacteria correlated with nocturia; and four studies that identified candidate metabolomic biomarkers, including fatty acid metabolites, serotonin, glycerol, lauric acid, thiaproline, and imidazolelactic acid among others. To date, no biomarker is recommended in clinical practice. Nocturomics are in an embryonic phase of conception but are developing quickly. Although candidate biomarkers are being identified, none of them are yet validated on a large sample, although some preclinical studies have shown a probable role of fatty acid metabolites as a possible biomarker of circadian rhythm and chronotherapy.
Further research is needed to validate biomarkers for nocturia within the framework of a diagnostic and therapeutic precision medicine perspective. We hope this study provides a summary of the current biomarker discoveries associated with nocturia and details future prospects for omics-driven biomarkers.
系统综述研究不同夜尿症生物标志物的文献，包括基于组学的生物标志物或“夜尿组学”。
2022 年 5 月，系统检索了 PubMed、Scopus 和 Embase 中有关夜尿症患者生理体液和组织中生物标志物的研究论文。根据生物标志物是通过组学技术发现的（称为基于组学的生物标志物）还是通过标准实验室技术测量的（称为经典生物标志物，主要来自病理生理学假设）进行区分。
共纳入 13 项研究，共计 18881 例患者，其中 8 项研究侧重于经典生物标志物，包括心钠肽（ANP）、B 型利钠肽（BNP）、C 反应蛋白（CRP）、醛固酮和褪黑素。5 项研究为“夜尿组学”，其中 1 项评估了微生物组，确定了 27 种与夜尿症相关的粪便和 8 种尿液细菌；4 项研究确定了候选代谢组生物标志物，包括脂肪酸代谢物、血清素、甘油、月桂酸、硫代脯氨酸和咪唑乳酸等。迄今为止，没有一种生物标志物被推荐用于临床实践。夜尿组学处于概念形成的胚胎阶段，但发展迅速。虽然已经确定了候选生物标志物，但没有一种在大样本中得到验证，尽管一些临床前研究表明脂肪酸代谢物可能作为昼夜节律和时间治疗的潜在生物标志物发挥作用。
需要进一步研究，以在诊断和治疗精准医学的框架内验证夜尿症的生物标志物。我们希望本研究为夜尿症相关生物标志物的现有发现提供总结，并详细介绍基于组学的生物标志物的未来前景。
