Kim Sage J, Shin Jaeyong, Tilahun Nebiyou
University of Illinois at Chicago, USA.
Urban Stud. 2023 Feb;60(2):256-273. doi: 10.1177/00420980221094021. Epub 2022 May 19.
Neighbourhood context is known to shape one's life chances, but much of neighbourhood disadvantage is passed down from parents to children. The gap in social and economic achievements between Black and White families in the United States may partially be explained by differences in the intergenerational transmission of neighbourhood context. Using census tract socio-economic data, we created a national ranking of US census tracts. We then examined intergenerational neighbourhood mobility using 2828 parent-child pairs from a longitudinal household survey. We found that White children, compared with Black children, were more likely to inherit higher neighbourhood ranks from their parents. Income and education had smaller negative effects on neighbourhood rank for White children than Black children, all other things equal. Black children whose parents were in the bottom 25th percentile neighbourhood rank tended to move up in neighbourhood rank. But by much smaller magnitudes than their White counterparts. Our findings indicate that different patterns of intergenerational neighbourhood mobility between White and Black families may be an important factor for persisting racial disparities in the neighbourhood context.
众所周知，邻里环境会影响一个人的生活机遇，但邻里劣势在很大程度上会从父母传给子女。美国黑人和白人家庭在社会和经济成就方面的差距，部分原因可能是邻里环境的代际传递存在差异。我们利用人口普查区的社会经济数据，对美国人口普查区进行了全国排名。然后，我们使用一项纵向家庭调查中的2828对亲子数据，研究了代际邻里流动性。我们发现，与黑人儿童相比，白人儿童更有可能从父母那里继承较高的邻里排名。在其他条件相同的情况下，收入和教育对白人儿童邻里排名的负面影响比对黑人儿童的影响更小。父母处于邻里排名倒数第25百分位的黑人儿童，其邻里排名往往会上升。但上升幅度远小于白人儿童。我们的研究结果表明，白人和黑人家庭之间不同的代际邻里流动模式，可能是邻里环境中种族差距持续存在的一个重要因素。
