Banerjee Samrat, Roy Pinaki, Nandi Shreyashi, Roy Sujit
Golapbag Campus, 713104 Burdwan, West Bengal India Department of Botany, UGC Centre for Advanced Studies, The University of Burdwan.
Plant Growth Regul. 2023;100(2):355-371. doi: 10.1007/s10725-023-00968-4. Epub 2023 Jan 18.
Micronutrients are essential mineral elements required for both plant and human development.An integrated system involving soil, climatic conditions, and types of crop plants determines the level of micronutrient acquisition and utilization. Most of the staple food crops consumed globally predominantly include the cereal grains, tubers and roots, respectively and in many cases, particularly in the resource-poor countries they are grown in nutrient-deficient soils. These situations frequently lead to micronutrient deficiency in crops. Moreover, crop plants with micronutrient deficiency also show high level of susceptibility to various abiotic and biotic stress factors. Apart from this, climate change and soil pollution severely affect the accumulation of micronutrients, such as zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), selenium (Se), manganese (Mn), and copper (Cu) in food crops. Therefore, overcoming the issue of micronutrient deficiency in staple crops and to achieve the adequate level of food production with enriched nutrient value is one of the major global challenges at present. Conventional breeding approaches are not adequate to feed the increasing global population with nutrient-rich staple food crops. To address these issues, alongside traditional approaches, genetic modification strategies have been adopted during the past couple of years in order to enhance the transport, production, enrichment and bioavailability of micronutrients in staple crops. Recent advances in agricultural biotechnology and genome editing approaches have shown promising response in the development of micronutrient enriched biofortified crops. This review highlights the current advancement of our knowledge on the possible implications of various biotechnological tools for the enrichment and enhancement of bioavailability of micronutrients in crops.
微量营养素是植物和人类发育所需的必需矿物质元素。一个涉及土壤、气候条件和作物类型的综合系统决定了微量营养素的获取和利用水平。全球消费的大多数主食作物主要分别包括谷物、块茎和根茎，在许多情况下，特别是在资源匮乏的国家，它们生长在营养缺乏的土壤中。这些情况经常导致作物中微量营养素缺乏。此外，缺乏微量营养素的作物对各种非生物和生物胁迫因素也表现出高度的敏感性。除此之外，气候变化和土壤污染严重影响粮食作物中锌（Zn）、铁（Fe）、硒（Se）、锰（Mn）和铜（Cu）等微量营养素的积累。因此，克服主食作物中微量营养素缺乏问题并实现具有丰富营养价值的充足粮食产量是目前全球面临的主要挑战之一。传统育种方法不足以用营养丰富的主食作物养活不断增长的全球人口。为了解决这些问题，除了传统方法外，在过去几年中还采用了基因改造策略，以提高主食作物中微量营养素的运输、生产、富集和生物利用度。农业生物技术和基因组编辑方法的最新进展在富含微量营养素的生物强化作物的开发中显示出了有前景的成果。这篇综述强调了我们目前对各种生物技术工具在作物中微量营养素富集和提高生物利用度方面可能影响的认识进展。
