Shirzad Hossein, Siavash Moghaddam Sina, Rahimi Amir, Rezapour Salar, Xiao Jianbo, Popović-Djordjević Jelena
Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia 5756151818, Iran.
Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, P.O. Box 165, Urmia 57134, Iran.
Plants (Basel). 2024 May 12;13(10):1331. doi: 10.3390/plants13101331.
Corn ( L.) is an important annual grain that is cultivated as a food staple around the world. The current study examined the effect of wastewater and a combination of biological and organic fertilizers on the morphological and phytochemical traits of corn, using a factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. The first factor was biological and organic fertilizers at seven levels, including the control (no fertilization), bacterial biological fertilizers (NPK) along with iron and zinc Barvar biofertilizers, fungal biofertilizers made from Mycorrhiza and , biochar, a combination of bacterial and fungal biofertilizers, and a combination of bacterial and fungal biofertilizers with biochar. The second factor was irrigation at two levels (conventional irrigation and irrigation with wastewater). The traits studied included the morphological yield, phenols, flavonoids, polyphenols, glomalin, cadmium content in plant parts, and translocation factor (TF). The results disclosed that the best treatment in regard to the morphological traits was related to conventional water + biochar + mycorrhiza + + NPK. The highest phenol and flavonoid content were observed when biochar + mycorrhiza + + NPK treatments were used in both water treatments. Also, the wastewater + biochar + mycorrhiza + + NPK treatment demonstrated the highest total glomalin and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity. The obtained results demonstrate that combined biological and organic fertilizer use on corn plants can effectively alleviate the deleterious effects of cadmium present in wastewater.
玉米（L.）是一种重要的一年生谷物，在世界各地作为主食进行种植。本研究采用基于随机完全区组设计的析因试验，设置三次重复，研究了废水以及生物肥料与有机肥料的组合对玉米形态和植物化学性状的影响。第一个因素是七种水平的生物肥料与有机肥料，包括对照（不施肥）、含氮磷钾的细菌生物肥料以及含铁和锌的巴尔瓦尔生物肥料、由菌根制成的真菌生物肥料、生物炭、细菌和真菌生物肥料的组合，以及细菌和真菌生物肥料与生物炭的组合。第二个因素是两种水平的灌溉方式（常规灌溉和废水灌溉）。所研究的性状包括形态产量、酚类、黄酮类、多酚类、球囊霉素、植物各部分的镉含量以及转运因子（TF）。结果表明，在形态性状方面最佳的处理方式是常规水 + 生物炭 + 菌根 + + 氮磷钾。在两种水处理中，当采用生物炭 + 菌根 + + 氮磷钾处理时，酚类和黄酮类含量最高。此外，废水 + 生物炭 + 菌根 + + 氮磷钾处理表现出最高的总球囊霉素和苯丙氨酸解氨酶（PAL）活性。所得结果表明，在玉米植株上联合使用生物肥料与有机肥料能够有效减轻废水中镉的有害影响。
