EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto (Institute of Public Health of the University of Porto), Porto, Portugal.
Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Porto, Portugal.
Br J Nutr. 2023 Oct 14;130(7):1278-1288. doi: 10.1017/S0007114523000272. Epub 2023 Jan 24.
Rapid prenatal and postnatal weight gain seem to alter appetite regulation and hypothalamic functions through different pathways; however, little is known on how early life growth trajectories may influence appetitive traits in school-age. We aimed to explore the associations between weight trajectories from birth to 5 years and appetitive traits at 7. Participants were from the Generation XXI birth cohort ( 3855). Four weight trajectories were investigated: '' (closely overlaps the 50th percentile in the weight-for-age curve), '' (low birth weight and weight gain mainly during infancy), '' (continuous weight gain since birth) and '' (always showing higher weight than the average). Appetitive traits were assessed through the Children's Eating Behaviour Questionnaire. Associations were tested using generalised linear models, adjusted for maternal and child characteristics. Compared with '', those in the other growth trajectories showed greater enjoyment of food and eating in response to food stimuli (i.e. Food Responsiveness) but were less able to compensate for prior food intake and ate faster at 7 (i.e. less Satiety Responsiveness and Slowness in Eating). Also, those with '' showed to have greater Emotional Overeating and less Emotional Undereating and were fussier. Associations were stronger if greater weight gain occurred during infancy. Early infancy seems to be a sensitive period in the development of later appetitive traits. The control of rapid growth during infancy, besides strategies focused on the overall environment where children are living, is necessary.
快速的产前和产后体重增加似乎通过不同的途径改变食欲调节和下丘脑功能；然而，对于生命早期的生长轨迹如何影响学龄期的食欲特征知之甚少。我们旨在探讨从出生到 5 岁的体重轨迹与 7 岁时的食欲特征之间的关系。参与者来自 21 世纪出生队列（3855 人）。研究了四种体重轨迹：“（与体重-年龄曲线的第 50 百分位密切重叠）”、“（出生体重低，体重增长主要在婴儿期）”、“（自出生以来持续体重增加）”和“（始终显示高于平均水平的体重）”。通过儿童饮食行为问卷评估食欲特征。使用广义线性模型进行关联测试，调整了母亲和儿童的特征。与“”相比，其他生长轨迹的参与者在食物刺激下表现出更大的食物享受和进食（即食物反应性），但在 7 岁时不太能够补偿先前的食物摄入，并且进食速度更快（即饱腹感反应性和进食速度较慢）。此外，“”表现出更大的情绪性暴食和更小的情绪性少食，并且更容易挑剔。如果在婴儿期发生更大的体重增加，关联会更强。婴儿期似乎是后期食欲特征发展的敏感时期。除了关注儿童生活的整体环境的策略外，还需要控制婴儿期的快速增长。
