学龄期儿童的食欲特征和食物组消费：来自 21 世纪世代队列的前瞻性关联。
Appetitive traits and food groups consumption in school-aged children: prospective associations from the Generation XXI birth cohort.
机构信息
EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto [Institute of Public Health, University of Porto], University of Porto, Rua das Taipas nº135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal.
Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health [ITR], University of Porto, Rua das Taipas nº135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal.
出版信息
Eat Weight Disord. 2023 Aug 5;28(1):67. doi: 10.1007/s40519-023-01586-9.
PURPOSE
Appetite can influence children's dietary choices; however, this relationship in school-aged children is still unclear. We aimed to explore the prospective associations between child appetitive traits at age 7 and food consumption at 10 years of age.
METHODS
The study included 3860 children from the Generation XXI birth cohort, recruited in 2005/2006 in Porto, Portugal. The Children's Eating Behaviour Questionnaire was used to evaluate children's appetitive traits at 7 years. Food consumption was measured at 10 years through a validated Food Frequency Questionnaire. Logistic regression models were performed and adjusted for possible confounders.
RESULTS
Children with greater Enjoyment of Food at 7 years were 36% more likely to eat fruits ≥ 2 times/day and 54% more likely to eat vegetables > 2.5 times/day at 10 years compared to those with less frequent consumption. Children who ate more in response to negative emotions had higher odds of consuming energy-dense foods (OR = 1.33; 99% CI 1.13-1.58) and salty snacks (OR = 1.28; 99% CI 1.08-1.51) 3 years later. Those with less ability to adjust intake (higher Satiety Responsiveness) and more selective about foods (higher Food Fussiness) at 7 years were less likely to consume vegetables frequently, and were more likely to consume energy-dense foods and sugar-sweetened beverages.
CONCLUSIONS
Children's appetitive traits at 7 years were associated with the consumption of several food groups at 10 years of age. Eating more in response to negative emotions (Emotional Eating), with less ability to adjust intake (Satiety Responsiveness) and more food selectivity (Food Fussiness) were associated with worse dietary choices (in general, lower fruit and vegetables, and higher energy-dense foods and sugar-sweetened beverages consumption).
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Level III: Evidence obtained from well-designed cohort or case-control analytic studies.
目的
食欲会影响儿童的饮食选择；然而，这一关系在学龄儿童中仍不清楚。本研究旨在探讨 7 岁儿童食欲特征与 10 岁时食物消费之间的前瞻性关联。
方法
该研究纳入了葡萄牙波尔图 2005/2006 年出生队列的 3860 名儿童。7 岁时使用儿童饮食行为问卷评估儿童的食欲特征。10 岁时通过验证过的食物频率问卷测量食物消费情况。采用逻辑回归模型进行分析，并对可能的混杂因素进行调整。
结果
7 岁时具有更高食物享受程度的儿童，10 岁时每天吃水果≥2 次的可能性增加 36%，每天吃蔬菜>2.5 次的可能性增加 54%。对消极情绪反应更强烈的儿童，摄入高能量食物（OR=1.33；99%CI 1.13-1.58）和咸零食（OR=1.28；99%CI 1.08-1.51）的可能性更高。7 岁时进食调节能力较低（更高的饱腹感反应）和对食物更挑剔（更高的食物挑剔性）的儿童，不太可能经常吃蔬菜，而更有可能摄入高能量食物和含糖饮料。
结论
7 岁时儿童的食欲特征与 10 岁时的几种食物消费有关。对消极情绪的反应更强烈（情绪性进食）、进食调节能力较低（饱腹感反应）和食物选择性较高（食物挑剔性）与更差的饮食选择有关（总体上，水果和蔬菜摄入量减少，高能量食物和含糖饮料摄入量增加）。
证据等级
III 级：来源于精心设计的队列或病例对照分析研究的证据。
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