This data article reports contents of the information derived from an efficient, environmentally friendly, and low-cost method of synthesis and recovery of iron nanoparticles using and aqueous leaf extracts as reducing, stabilizing, and capping agents, and applications of the nanoparticles in degradation of organic dyes and antibiotics. Various spectroscopic and microscopic techniques were used to collect the data. Data is displayed in the form of .raw files, graphs, images, Microsoft Excel sheets, .data point files, and PDF files, along with other formats. Data analysis and interpretation methods have also been presented. Researchers, research students, academicians, and industrialists can benefit greatly from the data in order to gain knowledge about the green synthesis of iron nanoparticles and related applications such as degradation organic pollutants. The data is deposited in the mendeley data repository as two independent datasets at https://data.mendeley.com/datasets/rxkv6j7hrx.