Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Section of Allergy & Immunology, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa.
J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2023 Mar;11(3):737-745. doi: 10.1016/j.jaip.2022.12.044. Epub 2023 Jan 21.
Health disparities (recently defined as a health difference closely linked with social, economic, and/or environmental disadvantage) in asthma continue despite the presence of safe and effective treatment. For example, in the United States, Black individuals have a hospitalization rate that is 6× higher than that for White individuals, and an asthma mortality rate nearly 3× higher. This article will discuss the current state of health disparities in asthma in the United States. Factors involved in the creation of these disparities (including unconscious bias and structural racism) will be examined. The types of asthma interventions (including case workers, technological advances, mobile asthma clinics, and environmental remediation) that have and have not been successful to decrease disparities will be reviewed. Finally, current resources and future actions are summarized in a table and in text, providing information that the allergist can use to make an impact on asthma health disparities in 2023.
尽管有安全有效的治疗方法，但哮喘的健康差异（最近被定义为与社会、经济和/或环境劣势密切相关的健康差异）仍然存在。例如，在美国，黑人的住院率是白人的 6 倍，哮喘死亡率则接近 3 倍。本文将讨论美国目前哮喘健康差异的状况。将检查造成这些差异的因素（包括无意识偏见和结构性种族主义）。将审查已成功和未成功减少差异的哮喘干预措施（包括个案工作者、技术进步、移动哮喘诊所和环境补救）的类型。最后，以表格和文字形式总结了当前的资源和未来的行动，为过敏症医生提供了在 2023 年对哮喘健康差异产生影响的信息。
