Department of Paediatrics, Vaasa Central Hospital, Wellbeing services county of Ostrobothnia, Vaasa, Finland.
PEDEGO Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
Pediatr Rheumatol Online J. 2023 Jan 25;21(1):9. doi: 10.1186/s12969-023-00791-1.
In a chronic pain-causing disease such as juvenile idiopathic arthritis, the quality of coping with pain is crucial. Parents have a substantial influence on their children's pain-coping strategies. This study aimed to develop scales for assessing parents' strategies for coping with their children's pain and a shorter improved scale for children usable in clinical practice.
The number of items in the Finnish version of the pain-coping questionnaire for children was reduced from 39 to 20. A corresponding reduced scale was created for parental use. We recruited consecutive patients from nine hospitals evenly distributed throughout Finland, aged 8-16 years who visited a paediatric rheumatology outpatient clinic and reported musculoskeletal pain during the past week. The patients and parents rated the child's pain on a visual analogue scale from 0 to 100 and completed pain-coping questionnaires and depression inventories. The selection process of pain questionnaire items was performed using factor analyses.
The average (standard deviation) age of the 130 patients was 13.0 (2.3) years; 91 (70%) were girls. Four factors were retained in the new, improved Pain-Coping Scales for children and parents. Both scales had 15 items with 2-5 items/factor. The goodness-of-fit statistics and Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficients were satisfactory to good in both scaled. The criterion validity was acceptable as the demographic, disease related, and the depression and stress questionnaires correlated with the subscales.
We created a shorter, feasible pain-coping scale for children and a novel scale for caregivers. In clinical work, the pain coping scales may serve as a visualisation of different types of coping strategies for paediatric patients with pain and their parents and facilitate the identification of families in need of psychological support.
在幼年特发性关节炎等引起慢性疼痛的疾病中，应对疼痛的质量至关重要。父母对孩子的疼痛应对策略有很大的影响。本研究旨在开发评估父母应对孩子疼痛策略的量表，以及一种更简短的可在临床实践中使用的儿童改进量表。
从芬兰版儿童疼痛应对问卷中删除了 39 个项目，减少到 20 个。为父母使用创建了相应的简化量表。我们从芬兰各地的九家医院招募了连续的患者，年龄在 8-16 岁之间，他们在过去一周内曾到儿科风湿病门诊就诊，并报告有肌肉骨骼疼痛。患者和家长使用视觉模拟量表对孩子的疼痛进行评分，范围为 0 到 100，同时还完成了疼痛应对问卷和抑郁量表。使用因子分析对疼痛问卷项目进行了选择。
130 名患者的平均（标准差）年龄为 13.0（2.3）岁，91 名（70%）为女孩。新的、改进的儿童和父母疼痛应对量表保留了 4 个因子。两个量表都有 15 个项目，每个因子有 2-5 个项目。在两个量表中，拟合优度统计和克朗巴赫α信度系数都令人满意。作为标准，该量表的效标效度可接受，因为人口统计学、疾病相关以及抑郁和压力问卷与分量表相关。
我们为儿童创建了一个更简短、可行的疼痛应对量表，以及一种新的照顾者量表。在临床工作中，疼痛应对量表可以作为有疼痛的儿科患者及其父母不同类型应对策略的可视化工具，并有助于确定需要心理支持的家庭。
