Rogel A M, Watkins B A
Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman 99164-6320.
Lipids. 1987 Sep;22(9):637-42. doi: 10.1007/BF02533941.
Day-old male broiler chickens were fed semipurified diets containing 5% lipid from one of four different lipid sources: corn oil (CO), partially hydrogenated soybean oil (HSBO), a spent restaurant grease (SRG) and a purified mixture of triolein, tripalmitin and tristearin (OPS). Diets CO and HSBO contained adequate amounts of linoleic acid, but diets SRG and OPS were deficient in linoleate. In addition, SRG and HSBO contained trans isomers of 16:1 and 18:1. The diets were fed for 3 wk to determine the effects of low linoleate levels and trans isomers on fatty acid profiles in liver microsomes, mitochondria and cytosol. Chicks fed HSBO had the highest body weights, while those fed SRG and OPS had the lowest. The incidence and severity of dermatitis were similar for all treatments. The proportions of linoleate and arachidonate in lipids from liver subcellular fractions were reduced significantly in chicks fed OPS and SRG; however, levels of 20:3 omega 9 were not increased. Feeding HSBO, which is high in both linoleate and linolenate, resulted in higher levels of 18:3 omega 3 and 20:5 omega 3 in liver subcellular fractions and lower levels of 20:4 omega 6 than those seen in chicks fed CO. The isomeric forms of 18:1 present in the partially hydrogenated fats (HSBO and SRG) appeared to be incorporated into the lipids of liver fractions. The results of this study show that dietary lipids influence fatty acid profiles of chick liver microsomes, mitochondria and cytosol. Decreases in linoleate and arachidonate in these organelles occur before overt essential fatty acid (EFA), deficiency signs in chicks fed EFA-deficient diets.
1日龄雄性肉鸡被喂食半纯化日粮，这些日粮含有来自四种不同脂质来源之一的5%脂质：玉米油（CO）、部分氢化大豆油（HSBO）、废弃餐厅油脂（SRG）以及由三油酸甘油酯、三棕榈酸甘油酯和三硬脂酸甘油酯组成的纯化混合物（OPS）。日粮CO和HSBO含有足够量的亚油酸，但日粮SRG和OPS缺乏亚油酸酯。此外，SRG和HSBO含有16:1和18:1的反式异构体。这些日粮喂养3周，以确定低亚油酸酯水平和反式异构体对肝脏微粒体、线粒体和细胞质中脂肪酸谱的影响。喂食HSBO的雏鸡体重最高，而喂食SRG和OPS的雏鸡体重最低。所有处理的皮炎发生率和严重程度相似。喂食OPS和SRG的雏鸡肝脏亚细胞组分脂质中亚油酸酯和花生四烯酸酯的比例显著降低；然而，20:3 ω9的水平并未升高。喂食富含亚油酸酯和亚麻酸酯的HSBO导致肝脏亚细胞组分中18:3 ω3和20:5 ω3的水平较高，而20:4 ω6的水平低于喂食CO的雏鸡。部分氢化脂肪（HSBO和SRG）中存在的18:1异构体形式似乎被纳入肝脏组分的脂质中。本研究结果表明，日粮脂质会影响雏鸡肝脏微粒体、线粒体和细胞质的脂肪酸谱。在喂食缺乏必需脂肪酸（EFA）日粮的雏鸡出现明显的必需脂肪酸缺乏迹象之前，这些细胞器中的亚油酸酯和花生四烯酸酯就会减少。
