Kijewska Agnieszka, Koroza Aleksandra, Grudlewska-Buda Katarzyna, Kijewski Tomasz, Wiktorczyk-Kapischke Natalia, Zorena Katarzyna, Skowron Krzysztof
Department of Immunobiology and Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Maritime and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland.
Department of Climate and Ocean Research and Education Laboratory, Institute of Oceanology Polish Academy of Science, Sopot, Poland.
Front Microbiol. 2023 Jan 9;13:1061223. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1061223. eCollection 2022.
Bivalve shellfish consumption (ark shells, clams, cockles, and oysters) has increased over the last decades. Following this trend, infectious disease outbreaks associated with their consumption have been reported more frequently. Molluscs are a diverse group of organisms found wild and farmed. They are common on our tables, but unfortunately, despite their great taste, they can also pose a threat as a potential vector for numerous species of pathogenic microorganisms. Clams, in particular, might be filled with pathogens because of their filter-feeding diet. This specific way of feeding favors the accumulation of excessive amounts of pathogenic microorganisms like spp., including and , , spp., and fecal coliforms, and intestinal enterococci. The problems of pathogen dissemination and disease outbreaks caused by exogenous bacteria in many geographical regions quickly became an unwanted effect of globalized food supply chains, global climate change, and natural pathogen transmission dynamics. Moreover, some pathogens like spp., with high zoonotic potential, are spreading worldwide along with food transport. These bacteria, contained in food, are also responsible for the potential transmission of antibiotic-resistance genes to species belonging to the human microbiota. Finally, they end up in wastewater, thus colonizing new areas, which enables them to introduce new antibiotic-resistance genes (ARG) into the environment and extend the existing spectrum of ARGs already present in local biomes. Foodborne pathogens require modern methods of detection. Similarly, detecting ARGs is necessary to prevent resistance dissemination in new environments, thus preventing future outbreaks, which could threaten associated consumers and workers in the food processing industry.
在过去几十年中，双壳贝类（魁蚶、蛤蜊、鸟蛤和牡蛎）的消费量有所增加。随着这一趋势，与食用双壳贝类相关的传染病暴发报告得越来越频繁。软体动物是一类多样的生物，既有野生的也有养殖的。它们在我们的餐桌上很常见，但不幸的是，尽管它们味道鲜美，但作为多种致病微生物的潜在载体，也可能构成威胁。特别是蛤蜊，由于其滤食性饮食，可能会携带病原体。这种特殊的摄食方式有利于大量致病微生物的积累，如弧菌属、包括霍乱弧菌和副溶血性弧菌、沙门氏菌属、志贺氏菌属，以及粪大肠菌群和肠道肠球菌。在许多地理区域，由外源细菌引起的病原体传播和疾病暴发问题很快成为全球化食品供应链、全球气候变化和自然病原体传播动态带来的不良后果。此外，一些具有高人畜共患病潜力的病原体，如弧菌属，正随着食品运输在全球传播。这些存在于食物中的细菌还可能将抗生素抗性基因潜在地传播给属于人类微生物群的物种。最后，它们最终进入废水，从而在新的区域定殖，这使它们能够将新的抗生素抗性基因（ARG）引入环境，并扩大当地生物群落中已存在的ARG的现有谱。食源性病原体需要现代检测方法。同样，检测ARG对于防止抗性在新环境中的传播、从而预防未来可能威胁相关消费者和食品加工业工人的疾病暴发是必要的。
