Erasmus School of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
PLoS One. 2023 Jan 26;18(1):e0279453. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279453. eCollection 2023.
Worldwide the Covid-19 pandemic resulted in drastic behavioral measures and lockdowns. Vaccination is widely regarded as the true and only global exit strategy; however, a high vaccination coverage is needed to contain the spread of the virus. Vaccination rates among young people are currently lacking. We therefore studied the experienced motivations and barriers regarding vaccination in young people with the use of the health belief model.
We conducted a correlational study, based on a convenience sample. At the vaccination location, directly after vaccination, 194participants(16-30 years) who decided to get vaccinated at a pop-up location several weeks after receiving a formal invitation, filled out a questionnaire regarding their attitudes towards vaccination based on concepts defined in the health belief model. We used these concepts to predict vaccination hesitancy.
Younger participants and participants with lower educational levels report higher levels of hesitancy regarding vaccination (low education level = 38.9%, high education level = 25.4%). Perceived severity (Mhesitancy = .23, Mno hesitancy = .37) and susceptibility (Mhesitancy = .38, Mno hesitancy = .69) were not associated with hesitancy. Health related and idealistic benefits of vaccination were negatively associated with experienced hesitancy (Mhesitancy = .68, Mno hesitancy = -.37), while individualistic and practical benefits were not associated with hesitancy (Mhesitancy = -.09, Mno hesitancy = .05). Practical barriers were not associated with hesitancy (Mhesitancy = .05, Mno hesitancy = -.01), while fear related barriers were strongly associated with hesitancy (Mhesitancy = -.60, Mno hesitancy = .29).
Health related, and idealistic beliefs are negatively associated with experienced hesitancy about vaccination, while fear related barriers is positively associated with experienced hesitancy. Future interventions should focus on these considerations, since they can facilitate or stand in the way of vaccination in young people who are doubting vaccination, while not principally opposed to it.
在全球范围内，Covid-19 大流行导致了剧烈的行为措施和封锁。疫苗接种被广泛认为是真正的、唯一的全球退出策略；然而，需要高疫苗接种率来控制病毒的传播。目前年轻人的疫苗接种率不足。因此，我们使用健康信念模型研究了年轻人接种疫苗的经验动机和障碍。
我们进行了一项基于便利样本的相关性研究。在接种地点，在接种疫苗后立即，194 名参与者（16-30 岁）在收到正式邀请几周后决定在弹出式地点接种疫苗，根据健康信念模型中定义的概念填写了一份关于他们对疫苗接种态度的问卷。我们使用这些概念来预测疫苗犹豫。
年轻参与者和教育程度较低的参与者报告称，他们对接种疫苗的犹豫程度更高（低教育程度=38.9%，高教育程度=25.4%）。感知严重性（Mhesitancy=.23，Mno hesitancy=.37）和易感性（Mhesitancy=.38，Mno hesitancy=.69）与犹豫无关。疫苗接种的健康相关和理想主义益处与经历的犹豫呈负相关（Mhesitancy=.68，Mno hesitancy=-.37），而个人主义和实用益处与犹豫无关（Mhesitancy=-.09，Mno hesitancy=-.05）。实际障碍与犹豫无关（Mhesitancy=-.05，Mno hesitancy=-.01），而与恐惧相关的障碍与犹豫强烈相关（Mhesitancy=-.60，Mno hesitancy=-.29）。
健康相关和理想主义信念与对接种疫苗的经验犹豫呈负相关，而与恐惧相关的障碍与经验犹豫呈正相关。未来的干预措施应重点关注这些考虑因素，因为它们可以促进或阻碍对疫苗犹豫不决的年轻人接种疫苗，而不是主要反对接种疫苗。
