Department of Psychology, Saarland University, Campus A2.4, D-66123, Saarbrücken, Germany.
CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
Behav Res Methods. 2024 Feb;56(2):513-528. doi: 10.3758/s13428-023-02064-x. Epub 2023 Jan 26.
In recent years, cross-cultural research on the modulation of basic cognitive processes by culture has intensified - also from an aging perspective. Despite this increased research interest, only a few cross-culturally normed non-verbal stimulus sets are available to support cross-cultural cognitive research in younger and older adults. Here we present the ORCA (Official Rating of Complex Arrangements) picture database, which includes a total of 720 object-scene compositions sorted into 180 quadruples (e.g., two different helmets placed in two different deserts). Each quadruple contains visually and semantically matched pairs of objects and pairs of scenes with varying degrees of semantic fit between objects and scenes. A total of 95 younger and older German and Chinese adults rated every object-scene pair on object familiarity and semantic fit between object and scene. While the ratings were significantly correlated between cultures and age groups, small but significant culture and age differences emerged. Object familiarity was higher for older adults than younger adults and for German participants than for Chinese participants. Semantic fit was rated lower by German older adults and Chinese younger adults as compared to German younger adults and Chinese older adults. Due to the large number of stimuli, our database is particularly well suited for cognitive and neuroscientific research on cross-cultural and age-related differences in perception, attention, and memory.
近年来，跨文化研究对文化对基本认知过程的调节作用不断加强——从老龄化角度来看也是如此。尽管人们对此研究兴趣大增，但可用的、经过跨文化标准化的非言语刺激材料库却很少，无法支持对年轻人和老年人的跨文化认知研究。在这里，我们介绍了 ORCA（正式评定复杂排列）图片库，其中包含总共 720 个物体-场景组合，分为 180 个四联体（例如，两个不同的头盔放在两个不同的沙漠中）。每个四联体都包含在视觉和语义上匹配的物体对和场景对，这些物体和场景之间的语义匹配程度不同。共有 95 名年轻和年长的德国和中国成年人对每个物体-场景对的物体熟悉度和物体与场景之间的语义匹配进行了评分。虽然评分在文化和年龄组之间具有显著相关性，但仍存在较小但显著的文化和年龄差异。与年轻人相比，老年人对物体的熟悉度更高，而与中国人相比，德国人对物体的熟悉度更高。与德国年轻人和中国老年人相比，德国老年人和中国年轻人对语义匹配的评分较低。由于刺激材料数量庞大，我们的数据库特别适合于对感知、注意力和记忆方面的跨文化和年龄相关差异进行认知和神经科学研究。
