Department of Microbiology, Kathmandu Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Sinamangal, Kathmandu.
Department of Emergency Medicine, Grande International Hospital, Dhapasi, Kathmandu, Nepal.
JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc. 2022 Sep 1;60(253):836-840. doi: 10.31729/jnma.7580.
Biofilm refers to the complex, sessile communities of microbes found either attached to a surface or buried firmly in an extracellular matrix as aggregates. Microbial flora which produces biofilm manifests an altered growth rate and transcribes genes that provide them resistance to antimicrobial and host immune systems. Biofilms protect the invading bacteria against the immune system of the host via impaired activation of phagocytes and the complement system. Biofilm-producing isolates showed greater multidrug resistance than non-biofilm producers. Biofilm causes antibiotic resistance through processes like chromosomally encoded resistant genes, restriction of antibiotics, reduction of growth rate, and host immunity. Biofilm formation is responsible for the development of superbugs like methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and metallo-beta-lactamase producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Regular monitoring of antimicrobial resistance and maintaining hygiene, especially in hospitalized patients are required to control biofilm-related infections in order to prevent antimicrobial resistance.
生物膜是指微生物附着在表面或牢固地埋在细胞外基质中形成的复杂、固着的群落。产生生物膜的微生物菌群表现出改变的生长速度，并转录提供抗微生物和宿主免疫系统抗性的基因。生物膜通过削弱吞噬细胞和补体系统的激活来保护入侵细菌免受宿主免疫系统的攻击。与非生物膜生产者相比，生物膜产生分离株显示出更高的多药耐药性。生物膜通过染色体编码的耐药基因、抗生素限制、生长速度降低和宿主免疫等过程导致抗生素耐药性。生物膜的形成是导致超级细菌如耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌、耐万古霉素金黄色葡萄球菌和产金属β-内酰胺酶的铜绿假单胞菌发展的原因。为了防止抗生素耐药性，需要定期监测抗生素耐药性并保持卫生，特别是在住院患者中，以控制与生物膜相关的感染。
