医学院预科学生的牙关紧闭症：一项描述性横断面研究。
Trismus among Preclinical Students in a Medical College: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study.
机构信息
Department of Anatomy, Kathmandu Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Sinamangal, Kathmandu, Nepal.
出版信息
JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc. 2022 Nov 2;60(255):939-942. doi: 10.31729/jnma.7900.
INTRODUCTION
Trismus is a condition of reduced mouth opening due to tonic constrictions of the muscles of mastication. Trismus greatly affects health-related quality of life and thus daily life activities. The aim of this study was to find out the prevalence of trismus among preclinical students in a medical college at a tertiary care teaching hospital.
METHODS
A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in a medical college from 10th July 2021 to 10th December 2021 for a period of five months. Ethical clearance was obtained from the Institutional Research Committee (Reference number: 0311202004). A total of 315 preclinical students studying at a medical college were included in the current study. Convenience sampling method was used. Point estimate and 99% Confidence Interval were calculated.
RESULTS
Among 315 students, trismus was seen in 14 (4.44%) (1.45-7.43, 95% Confidence Interval) . The clicking sound on the right side of the temporomandibular joint was found to be in 6 (42.86%), on the left side was 5 (35.71%) and that of both sides of the temporomandibular joint was 1 (7.14%) among the 14 students with trismus. The mean maximal interincisal mouth opening was found to be 33.4±0.46 mm in students having trismus.
CONCLUSIONS
The prevalence of trismus was found to be similar to the other studies performed in similar settings among preclinical students in a medical college. Awareness on mouth opening exercises and timely management can help reduce trismus.
KEYWORDS
prevalence; temporomandibular joint; trismus.
简介
牙关紧闭是由于咀嚼肌的强直性收缩导致张口受限的一种状况。牙关紧闭极大地影响了与健康相关的生活质量，进而影响了日常生活活动。本研究旨在了解三级教学医院医学院预科学生中牙关紧闭的患病率。
方法
本研究为描述性横断面研究，于 2021 年 7 月 10 日至 12 月 10 日在一所医学院进行，为期五个月。本研究获得了机构研究委员会的伦理批准（参考编号：0311202004）。共纳入 315 名在医学院学习的预科生。采用便利抽样法。计算了点估计值和 99%置信区间。
结果
在 315 名学生中，14 名（4.44%）（95%置信区间为 1.45-7.43）出现牙关紧闭。在 14 名有牙关紧闭的学生中，右侧颞下颌关节出现弹响声的有 6 名（42.86%），左侧有 5 名（35.71%），双侧颞下颌关节均有 1 名（7.14%）。有牙关紧闭的学生的最大张口度平均值为 33.4±0.46mm。
结论
在医学院预科生中，牙关紧闭的患病率与其他在类似环境中进行的研究相似。开展张口练习和及时管理的意识有助于减少牙关紧闭。
关键词
患病率；颞下颌关节；牙关紧闭。
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