Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
Immun Inflamm Dis. 2023 Jan;11(1):e759. doi: 10.1002/iid3.759.
Influenza or SARS-CoV-2 vaccination is especially recommended for people with underlying diseases. For the large number of patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection (CHB), studies on their immune responses to these vaccines are still lacking.
A total of 57 CHB patients and 19 healthy controls (HCs) receiving inactivated influenza vaccination were prospectively followed up. Influenza-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies (anti-H1N1, anti-H3N2, and anti-B IgG), antibody-secreting cells (ASCs), and circulating T follicular helper cells were assessed simultaneously. Eight CHB patients subsequently got inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccination during 1-year follow-up, and levels of serum antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 were further analyzed.
On day 28 after influenza vaccination, three influenza antibodies levels appeared to be lower in CHB patients than in HCs. And anti-H1N1 IgG level was significantly decreased in cirrhotic patients (p < .05). Anti-H1N1 IgG levels (day 28) were positively correlated with ASC frequencies (day 7) (p < .05), and negatively correlated with cirrhosis and hepatitis B surface antigen levels (p < .05). Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were higher in patients with influenza vaccination history than in patients without the history (p < .05). Moreover, positive correlations existed between influenza vaccination history and anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels (p < .01).
CHB patients, especially those with cirrhosis, appeared to have a decreased antibody response to inactivated influenza vaccine. A history of inactivated influenza vaccination within 1 year before inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccination might induce stronger anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody response.
流感或 SARS-CoV-2 疫苗接种尤其推荐给患有基础疾病的人群。对于大量慢性乙型肝炎病毒感染（CHB）患者，关于他们对这些疫苗的免疫反应的研究仍然缺乏。
前瞻性随访了 57 例 CHB 患者和 19 例健康对照者（HCs），他们接受了灭活流感疫苗接种。同时评估了流感特异性免疫球蛋白 G（IgG）抗体（抗-H1N1、抗-H3N2 和抗-B IgG）、抗体分泌细胞（ASCs）和循环滤泡辅助 T 细胞。8 例 CHB 患者在 1 年随访期间随后接受了灭活 SARS-CoV-2 疫苗接种，进一步分析了血清中针对 SARS-CoV-2 的抗体水平。
在流感疫苗接种后第 28 天，CHB 患者的三种流感抗体水平似乎低于 HCs。肝硬化患者的抗-H1N1 IgG 水平显著降低（p<0.05）。抗-H1N1 IgG 水平（第 28 天）与 ASC 频率（第 7 天）呈正相关（p<0.05），与肝硬化和乙型肝炎表面抗原水平呈负相关（p<0.05）。有流感疫苗接种史的患者的抗-SARS-CoV-2 抗体水平高于无流感疫苗接种史的患者（p<0.05）。此外，流感疫苗接种史与抗-SARS-CoV-2 抗体水平之间存在正相关（p<0.01）。
CHB 患者，尤其是肝硬化患者，对灭活流感疫苗的抗体反应似乎减弱。在灭活 SARS-CoV-2 疫苗接种前 1 年内接种过灭活流感疫苗可能会引起更强的抗-SARS-CoV-2 抗体反应。
