Nguyen Viet-Anh, Tran Thi Hien Hoa, Nijhawan Anisha, Howard Guy, Nghia Ton Tuan
Institute of Environmental Science and Engineering (IESE), Hanoi University of Civil Engineering, Hanoi, Vietnam E-mail:
Department of Civil Engineering and Cabot Institute for the Environment, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TR, UK.
J Water Health. 2023 Jan;21(1):47-65. doi: 10.2166/wh.2022.192.
This study evaluated the experience of implementing water safety plans (WSPs) in Vietnam. WSPs were introduced in Vietnam by the World Health Organization (WHO) in collaboration with the Ministry of Construction in 2006 and have been a mandatory requirement for municipal water supplies since 2012. Using a mixed-methods approach, we collected data on the perceived benefits and challenges of WSP implementation from 23 provincial water companies between August and November 2021. Potential public health benefits of improved water quality were a key motivation; 87% of the water utilities were also motivated by the risk of climate change and prepared response plans to climate-related extreme events as part of WSPs. A decrease in E. coli and an improvement in disinfectant residual in treated water were reported by 61 and 83% of the water supplies, respectively. Sixty-five percent of the water supplies also reported improved revenue and cost recovery. Key barriers to WSP implementation were a lack of WSP guidance suitable for the local context (87%) and insufficient funds for WSP implementation (43%). Our study highlights the need for improved support and capacity building along with locally suited guidance on WSP implementation and audit.
本研究评估了越南实施水安全计划（WSPs）的经验。世界卫生组织（WHO）于2006年与越南建设部合作在越南引入了水安全计划，自2012年起，水安全计划成为城市供水的一项强制性要求。我们采用混合方法，于2021年8月至11月期间收集了23家省级自来水公司关于实施水安全计划的感知效益和挑战的数据。水质改善带来的潜在公共卫生效益是一个关键动机；87%的自来水公司还受到气候变化风险的推动，并制定了应对与气候相关极端事件的应对计划，作为水安全计划的一部分。分别有61%和83%的供水系统报告称，处理后水中的大肠杆菌数量减少，消毒剂残留量有所改善。65%的供水系统还报告称收入和成本回收情况有所改善。实施水安全计划的主要障碍是缺乏适合当地情况的水安全计划指南（87%）以及实施水安全计划的资金不足（43%）。我们的研究强调需要加强支持和能力建设，以及提供适合当地情况的水安全计划实施和审核指南。
