Department of Marine Biology and Oceanography, Institut de Ciències del Mar, ICM-CSIC, Barcelona 08003, Catalonia, Spain.
Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Plymouth PL1 3DH, UK.
Sci Adv. 2023 Jan 27;9(4):eadd9031. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.add9031.
Reactive trace gas emissions from the polar oceans are poorly characterized, even though their effects on atmospheric chemistry and aerosol formation are crucial for assessing current and preindustrial aerosol forcing on climate. Here, we present seawater and atmospheric measurements of benzene and toluene, two gases typically associated with pollution, in the remote Southern Ocean and the Arctic marginal ice zone. Their distribution suggests a marine biogenic source. Calculated emission fluxes were 0.023 ± 0.030 (benzene) and 0.039 ± 0.036 (toluene) and 0.023 ± 0.028 (benzene) and 0.034 ± 0.041 (toluene) μmol m day for the Southern Ocean and the Arctic, respectively. Including these average emissions in a chemistry-climate model increased secondary organic aerosol mass concentrations only by 0.1% over the Arctic but by 7.7% over the Southern Ocean, with transient episodes of up to 77.3%. Climate models should consider the hitherto overlooked emissions of benzene and toluene from the polar oceans.
极地海洋的反应性痕量气体排放特征很差，尽管它们对大气化学和气溶胶形成的影响对于评估当前和工业化前气溶胶对气候的强迫作用至关重要。在这里，我们在偏远的南大洋和北极边缘冰区测量了海水和大气中的苯和甲苯，这两种气体通常与污染有关。它们的分布表明这是一种海洋生物源。计算出的排放通量分别为 0.023 ± 0.030（苯）和 0.039 ± 0.036（甲苯），0.023 ± 0.028（苯）和 0.034 ± 0.041（甲苯）μmol m day，分别用于南大洋和北极。在一个化学-气候模型中包含这些平均排放，仅使北极地区的二次有机气溶胶质量浓度增加了 0.1%，但使南大洋增加了 7.7%，瞬态事件高达 77.3%。气候模型应考虑到迄今为止被忽视的极地海洋中苯和甲苯的排放。
