Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, U.K.
Branch Bioresources, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Ohlebergsweg 12, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
ACS Biomater Sci Eng. 2024 Jan 8;10(1):12-28. doi: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c01116. Epub 2023 Jan 27.
Medical silks have captured global interest. While silk sutures have a long track record in humans, silk bioconjugates are still in preclinical development. This perspective examines key advances in silk bioconjugation, including the fabrication of silk-protein conjugates, bioconjugated silk particles, and bioconjugated substrates to enhance cell-material interactions in two and three dimensions. Many of these systems rely on chemical modification of the silk biopolymer, often using carbodiimide and reactive ester chemistries. However, recent progress in enzyme-mediated and click chemistries has expanded the molecular toolbox to enable biorthogonal, site-specific conjugation in a single step when combined with recombinant silk fibroin tagged with noncanonical amino acids. This perspective outlines key strategies available for chemical modification, compares the resulting silk conjugates to clinical benchmarks, and outlines open questions and areas that require more work. Overall, this assessment highlights a domain of new sunrise capabilities and development opportunities for silk bioconjugates that may ultimately offer new ways of delivering improved healthcare.
医用丝已经引起了全球的关注。虽然丝缝线在人类中已有很长的应用历史，但丝生物缀合物仍处于临床前开发阶段。本观点审视了丝生物缀合方面的关键进展，包括丝-蛋白缀合物、生物缀合丝颗粒和生物缀合基质的制备，以增强二维和三维的细胞-材料相互作用。这些系统中的许多都依赖于丝生物聚合物的化学修饰，通常使用碳二亚胺和反应性酯化学。然而，酶介导和点击化学的最新进展已经扩展了分子工具箱，当与用非天然氨基酸标记的重组丝素蛋白结合使用时，能够在单个步骤中实现双正交、定点缀合。本观点概述了可用于化学修饰的关键策略，将得到的丝缀合物与临床基准进行了比较，并概述了需要进一步研究的开放性问题和领域。总的来说，这一评估突出了丝生物缀合物领域的新的发展机遇，可能最终为改善医疗保健提供新的途径。
