Ny Veit, Needham Tersia, Bartoň Luděk, Bureš Daniel, Kotrba Radim, Musa Abubakar S, Ceacero Francisco
Department of Animal Science and Food Processing, Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.
Department of Cattle Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Prague, Czech Republic.
J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl). 2023 Sep;107(5):1158-1166. doi: 10.1111/jpn.13807. Epub 2023 Jan 27.
In cervids, blood biochemical markers may reflect changes in various physiological and environmental factors, especially in response to changes in metabolism following nutrient supplementation or the manipulation of hormone production. Decreasing androgen production through immunocastration (IC) to ease the husbandry of male animals is currently a more ethically acceptable method than physical castration, but its commercial use is unexplored in fallow deer. Forty yearlings male fallow deer were grouped into four treatment combinations: IC on high (200 g commercial pellets + 600 g concentrate mixture of 90% oats and 10% wheat grains) or low (100 g commercial pellets + 300 g concentrate mixture of 90% oats and 10% wheat grains) level of feed supplementation, or noncastrated bucks on a high or low level of feed supplementation. Immunocastrated animals were vaccinated at the start of the study (Week 1) and again during Week 3 of the study. Diet affected all body growth parameters (slaughter weight, daily gain, carcass weight, dressing percentage and body condition score). Fallow deer from all treatments showed increasing concentrations of fat and energy blood biochemical markers over the study period, including plasma glucose (GLU) and triglyceride (TRIG), and decreased cholesterol (CHOL) and lipase (LIPA) concentrations. The higher level of supplementary feeding decreased plasma albumin (ALB) and creatinine (CREA), and increased globulin (GLOB) concentrations. On the other hand, IC and lower-level supplementation reduced growth performance. Overall, IC may be an interesting tool for welfare management of yearling stags for slaughter; however, the advantage appears to only be in well-fed animals, as low-level of feeding can further reduce growth performance in immunocastrated animals. Further studies should evaluate the carcass performance of animals under similar treatment conditions to ascertain the effects on muscle and fat yields.
在鹿类动物中，血液生化指标可能反映各种生理和环境因素的变化，特别是在营养补充或激素分泌调控后代谢变化的情况下。通过免疫去势（IC）降低雄激素分泌以简化雄性动物的饲养管理，相较于物理去势，目前在伦理上更容易被接受，但在黇鹿中尚未进行商业应用探索。40只一岁雄性黇鹿被分为四种处理组合：高（200克商业颗粒饲料 + 600克由90%燕麦和10%麦粒组成的精料混合物）或低（100克商业颗粒饲料 + 300克由90%燕麦和10%麦粒组成的精料混合物）水平饲料补充下的免疫去势，或高或低水平饲料补充下的未去势雄鹿。免疫去势动物在研究开始时（第1周）以及研究的第3周再次接种疫苗。饮食影响所有身体生长参数（屠宰体重、日增重、胴体重、屠宰率和身体状况评分）。在研究期间，所有处理组的黇鹿血液中脂肪和能量生化指标浓度均升高，包括血浆葡萄糖（GLU）和甘油三酯（TRIG），而胆固醇（CHOL）和脂肪酶（LIPA）浓度降低。较高水平的补充饲料降低了血浆白蛋白（ALB）和肌酐（CREA），并增加了球蛋白（GLOB）浓度。另一方面，免疫去势和较低水平的补充饲料降低了生长性能。总体而言，免疫去势可能是用于一岁雄鹿屠宰福利管理的一个有趣工具；然而，优势似乎仅体现在营养良好的动物身上，因为低水平饲养会进一步降低免疫去势动物的生长性能。进一步的研究应评估类似处理条件下动物的胴体性能，以确定对肌肉和脂肪产量的影响。
