Giacobino Agostina, Miotti Camila, Molineri Ana, Orellano Emanuel, Signorini Marcelo, Pacini Adriana
Instituto de Investigación de la Cadena Láctea (CONICET-INTA), Address: Ruta 34 Km 227, Rafaela 2300, Santa Fe province, Argentina.
J Invertebr Pathol. 2023 Mar;197:107890. doi: 10.1016/j.jip.2023.107890. Epub 2023 Jan 25.
Infestation with Varroa destructor compromises the survival of Apis mellifera colonies, especially during the winter season. In order to prevent colony losses due to the presence of Varroa mites, determination of the infestation level and the application of autumn treatment is highly recommended. However, autumn reinvasion by inter-apiary and intra-apiary horizontal transmission might threaten the control strategies. Drivers like the infestation level of untreated colonies, the presence of bee brood during late autumn and the colonies disposition within the apiary might explain at least partially the re-invasion rates of treated colonies during autumn and winter. A total of six apiaries with five colonies were distributed within a 30 km radius. Colonies were arranged within each apiary following a circular or a lineal disposition. Twenty-four of the thirty colonies were treated during late summer against V. destructor and one colony per apiary remained untreated. The phoretic Varroa infestation and the adult bee population, brood area and nutritional reserves in the colonies was estimated before and after treatment and then for the next four months (late autumn and winter season). In this study, a model for the V. destructor re-invasion dynamics during autumn and winter in honey bee colonies from a temperate climate was fitted. According to these results, the re-invasion probability is higher for lineal disposition of the colonies that also present a higher amount of brood availability during late autumn and winter. Beekeeping practical implications are discussed in the context of an Integrated Pest management approach.
狄斯瓦螨（Varroa destructor）的侵扰会危及意大利蜜蜂（Apis mellifera）蜂群的生存，尤其是在冬季。为防止因狄斯瓦螨的存在而导致蜂群损失，强烈建议确定侵扰程度并在秋季进行防治。然而，蜂场间和蜂场内水平传播导致的秋季再次侵染可能会威胁到防治策略。诸如未处理蜂群的侵扰程度、深秋时蜂子的存在以及蜂群在蜂场内的布局等因素，可能至少部分地解释了经处理蜂群在秋冬季节的再次侵染率。在半径30公里范围内共分布了6个蜂场，每个蜂场有5群蜜蜂。每个蜂场内的蜂群按照圆形或线性布局排列。30群蜜蜂中有24群在夏末时接受了针对狄斯瓦螨的处理，每个蜂场有一群未作处理。在处理前后以及随后的四个月（深秋和冬季），对蜂体携带的狄斯瓦螨侵染情况、成年蜜蜂数量、蜂子面积和蜂群中的营养储备进行了估算。在本研究中，构建了一个温带气候下蜜蜂蜂群秋冬季节狄斯瓦螨再次侵染动态模型。根据这些结果，对于呈线性布局且在深秋和冬季有更多蜂子的蜂群，其再次侵染的概率更高。本文在综合虫害管理方法的背景下讨论了养蜂的实际意义。
