Architecting a desirable and highly efficient nanocomposite for applications like adsorption, catalysis, etc. has always been a challenge. Metal Organic Framework (MOF)-based hierarchical composite has perceived popularity as an advanced adsorbent and catalyst. Hierarchically structured MOF material can be modulated to allow the surface interaction (external or internal) of MOF with the molecules of interest. They are well endowed with tunable functionality, high porosity, and increased surface area epitomizing mass transfer and mechanical stability of the fabricated nanostructure. Additionally, the anticipated optimization of nanocomposite can only be acquired by a thorough understanding of the synthesis techniques. This review starts with a brief introduction to MOF and the requirement for advanced nanocomposites after the setback faced by conventional MOF structures. Further, we discussed the background of MOF-based hierarchical composites followed by synthetic techniques including chemical and thermal treatment. It is important to rationally validate the successful nanocomposite fabrication by characterization techniques, an overview of challenges, and future perspectives associated with MOF-based hierarchically structured nanocomposite.