Amjad Fatima, Umar Arsheen, Saeed Muhammad Haris, Nazir Muhammad Shahid, Ali Zulfiqar, Lin Kun-Yi Andrew, Lee Jechan, Hassan Sadaf Ul, Hussain Murid, Park Young-Kwon
Functional Polymer & Rubber Technology Lab, Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Defence Road, Off Raiwind Road, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.
Department of Chemistry, School of Science, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, 54700, Punjab, Pakistan.
Top Curr Chem (Cham). 2025 Aug 26;383(3):32. doi: 10.1007/s41061-025-00517-9.
Gases are integral to Earth's climate and ecosystem balance, but human activity has significantly altered atmospheric composition by increasing greenhouse gas emissions. In 2025, carbon dioxide emissions were estimated at around 39-41 billion tons, reflecting a continued increase. Emissions of carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen dioxide were expected to remain close to 2.5 billion tons, 100 million tons, and 25 million metric tons, respectively. Hydrogen sulfide emissions decreased to 15 million tons compared with the previous year. These numbers underscore the challenge of addressing human-induced climate changes. Sorbents, particularly metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent organic frameworks (COFs), have been used in literature for their gas sorption applications. Over the past decade, modified frameworks have been explored for their potential in gas sorption by combining the advantages of the different materials involved. The properties of these frameworks can be tailored by using various functional groups, metal ions, and polymer matrices. The structures of MOFs and COFs, their synthesis methods, and gas sorption applications are discussed. In addition, the applications of modified MOFs and COFs in gas sorption and separation (CO sorption from flue gas, hydrocarbon separation, separation of hydrocarbons, and iodine capture from nuclear waste), detection (NO sensing), and reduction (SO to reduced sulfur components) are discussed. It also explores the emerging aspects of enhancing gas sensing and capturing abilities of MOFs and COFs, analyzing their performance under different conditions of temperature, pressure, and relative humidity. The study addresses the challenges faced by existing frameworks and suggests directions for developing better materials.
气体对于地球的气候和生态系统平衡至关重要，但人类活动通过增加温室气体排放显著改变了大气成分。2025年，二氧化碳排放量估计约为390亿至410亿吨，呈持续上升趋势。一氧化碳、二氧化硫和二氧化氮的排放量预计分别保持在接近25亿吨、1亿吨和2500万吨的水平。硫化氢排放量较上一年降至1500万吨。这些数字凸显了应对人为气候变化的挑战。吸附剂，特别是金属有机框架材料（MOF）和共价有机框架材料（COF），在文献中因其气体吸附应用而被广泛使用。在过去十年中，通过结合不同材料的优势，人们探索了改性框架材料在气体吸附方面的潜力。这些框架材料的性能可以通过使用各种官能团、金属离子和聚合物基质来进行定制。本文讨论了MOF和COF的结构、它们的合成方法以及气体吸附应用。此外，还讨论了改性MOF和COF在气体吸附与分离（从烟气中吸附CO、烃类分离、碳氢化合物分离以及从核废料中捕获碘）、检测（检测NO）和还原（将SO还原为还原态硫成分）方面的应用。它还探讨了增强MOF和COF气体传感与捕获能力的新方面，分析了它们在不同温度、压力和相对湿度条件下的性能。该研究阐述了现有框架材料面临的挑战，并提出了开发更好材料的方向。
