Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bergen, Norway.
Center for Alcohol & Drug Research, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway.
Subst Use Misuse. 2023;58(4):471-480. doi: 10.1080/10826084.2022.2161319. Epub 2023 Jan 29.
There is compelling evidence for an association between negative life events (NLE) and substance-related problems (SRP) during adolescence. The literature is, however, still limited with regards to protective factors for SRP among adolescents exposed to NLE.
A large population-based survey including 9,611 Norwegian adolescents aged 16 to 19 years, comprised the dataset of this study. The main explanatory variable was NLE. The main outcome variable was SRP, assessed by the CRAFFT scale. Potential protective factors were measured with five subscales from the Resilience Scale for Adolescents (READ) questionnaire. The potential protective factors and sex were explored as moderators for the associations between NLE and SRP.
NLE were strongly associated with SRP. Four out of five potential protective factors (i.e., , , , and ) showed evidence of a protective-stabilizing effect. Even if they had protective effect across all levels of exposure to NLE, these effects were even stronger for adolescents with high exposure. For Family Cohesion a protective-stabilizing effect was only evident for boys, while a direct protective effect was found for girls. Finally, was the only factor that did not show any evidence of promoting resilience toward SRP.
NLE had a strong relation with SRP in this study. Protective factors buffered against SRP for all adolescents - but particularly so for adolescents who had high exposure to NLE. These findings highlight the need for preventive efforts to strengthen protective factors that may promote resilience among adolescents at risk for SRP.
有确凿的证据表明，青少年时期的负面生活事件（NLE）与物质相关问题（SRP）之间存在关联。然而，对于经历 NLE 的青少年中 SRP 的保护因素，文献仍然有限。
本研究的数据集来自一项包括 9611 名年龄在 16 至 19 岁的挪威青少年的大型基于人群的调查。主要解释变量为 NLE。主要结局变量为 CRAFFT 量表评估的 SRP。使用青少年韧性量表（READ）问卷的五个子量表来衡量潜在的保护因素。潜在的保护因素和性别被探索为 NLE 和 SRP 之间关联的调节因素。
NLE 与 SRP 密切相关。五个潜在保护因素中的四个（即、、、和）显示出保护稳定作用的证据。即使它们在 NLE 暴露的所有水平都具有保护作用，但对于高暴露的青少年，这些作用更强。对于家庭凝聚力，保护稳定作用仅在男孩中明显，而在女孩中则发现了直接的保护作用。最后，只有因素没有显示出任何促进对 SRP 的适应力的证据。
在这项研究中，NLE 与 SRP 有很强的关系。保护因素对所有青少年都有缓冲作用 - 但对于那些高暴露于 NLE 的青少年来说尤其如此。这些发现强调了需要开展预防工作，以加强可能促进处于 SRP 风险中的青少年适应力的保护因素。
