Evans Chris, Carlyle Jo-Anne, Paz Clara
Escuela de Psicología y Educación, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador.
School of Psychology, University of Roehampton, London, United Kingdom.
Front Psychol. 2023 Jan 11;13:1007685. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1007685. eCollection 2022.
Psychological research often seeks general rules applying across individuals, an aim that is in tension with examining that which is unique to any individual. There are general statistical regularities across individuals' subjective self-report which enable much psychology and psychotherapy research to combine data from self-report questionnaire responses with statistical and psychometric methods to create a fundamental part of Cronbach and Meehl's foundational nomological networks of validity. However, these methods only apply when most participants answer the same questions on measures creating nomothetic data and this has led to a neglect of idiographic data. This paper reviews a method of analysis of idiographic data, of "rigorous idiography": the method of derangements. This is a remarkably simple statistical test of whether purely idiographic data convey reliable information. We show how the method appeared to become stuck in a bibliometric backwater but we expand on its potential for research and practise and hope it will be taken up and used correctly and more widely.
心理学研究常常寻求适用于个体的一般规则，这一目标与考察个体独特之处存在冲突。个体主观自我报告中存在一般的统计规律，这使得许多心理学和心理治疗研究能够将自我报告问卷回复中的数据与统计和心理测量方法相结合，从而构成了克龙巴赫和米尔有效性基本法则网络的重要组成部分。然而，这些方法仅适用于大多数参与者在生成常模数据的测量中回答相同问题的情况，这导致了对个案数据的忽视。本文回顾了一种分析个案数据的方法，即“严格个案法”：错排法。这是一种非常简单的统计检验方法，用于判断纯个案数据是否传达了可靠信息。我们展示了该方法似乎如何被困在文献计量学的死水之中，但我们拓展了其在研究和实践中的潜力，并希望它能被正确且更广泛地采用和使用。
