López-Angulo Yaranay, Sáez-Delgado Fabiola, Mella-Norambuena Javier, Bernardo Ana B, Díaz-Mujica Alejandro
Departamento de Psicología, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.
Centro de Investigación en Educación y Desarrollo (CIEDE-UCSC), Departamento Fundamentos de la Pedagogía, Facultad de Educación, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile.
Front Psychol. 2023 Jan 5;13:893894. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.893894. eCollection 2022.
Dropping out of university studies is one of the current problems of Higher Education; the increased rates during the first year of the study programme is considerable around the world. Dropping out has negative social implications that are reflected at the personal, family, institutional, and educational levels. The aim of this study was to evaluate a predictive model considering the mediation of university social satisfaction and perceived academic performance within the relations between perceived social support, social self-efficacy and academic purposes with career satisfaction and dropout intention in Chilean university students. A non-experimental explanatory design of latent and observed variables was used. Structural equation analyses with Mplus software were performed. The sample consisted of 956 first year university students. The study complied with the ethical requirements for research with human subjects. As a result, a predictive model with adequate adjustment indexes was obtained. When evaluating the explanatory capacity through the coefficient of determination ( ), it was observed that it explains 38.9 and 27.4% of the variance of the dropout intention and career satisfaction, respectively. This percentage of explanation indicates a large effect size in Social Sciences; therefore, they are considered adequate predictive models. The mediation of university social satisfaction on the relationships between social support, social self-efficacy, and academic purposes with academic adjustment and dropout intention was, respectively, confirmed. The perception of academic performance has less influence on dropout intention and on career satisfaction among first-year students. The model obtained allows explaining the dropout intention and career satisfaction in first year students. In addition, it is composed of variables that can potentially be modified in the interaction of students and professors.
大学辍学是当前高等教育面临的问题之一；在世界各地，学习计划第一年的辍学率增长相当可观。辍学具有负面的社会影响，体现在个人、家庭、机构和教育层面。本研究的目的是评估一个预测模型，该模型考虑了智利大学生在感知到的社会支持、社会自我效能感和学业目标与职业满意度和辍学意愿之间的关系中，大学社会满意度和感知到的学业成绩的中介作用。采用了一种潜在变量和观测变量的非实验性解释性设计。使用Mplus软件进行结构方程分析。样本包括956名大学一年级学生。该研究符合对人类受试者进行研究的伦理要求。结果，获得了一个具有适当拟合指数的预测模型。通过决定系数（ ）评估解释能力时，发现它分别解释了辍学意愿和职业满意度方差的38.9%和27.4%。这一解释百分比在社会科学中表明效应量较大；因此，它们被认为是适当的预测模型。大学社会满意度在社会支持、社会自我效能感和学业目标与学业适应和辍学意愿之间的关系中的中介作用分别得到了证实。学业成绩感知对一年级学生的辍学意愿和职业满意度的影响较小。所获得的模型能够解释一年级学生的辍学意愿和职业满意度。此外，它由学生和教授互动中可能被改变的变量组成。
