Marzouk Said H, Tindwa Hamis J, Amuri Nyambilila A, Semoka Johnson M
Ministry of Education and Vocational Training, Zanzibar, Tanzania.
Department of Soil and Geological Science, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Tanzania.
Heliyon. 2023 Jan 20;9(1):e13040. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13040. eCollection 2023 Jan.
Currently, there is no doubt that can compensate for the nitrogen requirements of rice in different agroecological zones. Compared to synthetic N-fertilizers, Azolla has various positive impacts on lowland rice production, including improving soil fertility, minimizing weeds, increasing soil organic carbon, improving microbial biomass, and thus nutrient cycling and enhancing rice growth and yield. However, has not been accepted globally by rice farmers for field use and so far, farmers are relying on increasing rates of synthetic N fertilizers instead of taking advantage of which will improve long-term soil fertility and health. This systematic literature review and scientific evidence could help policymakers, scientists and researchers to understand the benefits, limitations, and innovative ways of utilizing as a cost-effective and eco-friendly amendment in rice production. The paper uses Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) method to review the hidden potential of as a biofertilizer in paddy and summarizes its benefits and problems by collecting information from different sources and presenting under different subheadings such as critical factors affecting growth and nitrogen fixation, nitrogen fixation of and their contribution in soil health, release and availability of -N to rice, amounts and time of inoculation, influence of on ammonia volatilization, contribution of to yield and yield components of rice, and impact of on weed emergence in rice cropping system. Literature indicated that the use of as green manure incorporated before rice transplanting or grown together with rice and left until a few days of harvest alone or in combinations with other synthetic fertilizers in the lowland rice production saved the nitrogen requirement of rice up to 60 kg N ha, it enhances the availability of nutrients, improves physiochemical properties of soils, minimizes soil salinity, reduces the soil pH, and minimize weed germination. However, it was observed that incorporating as green manure is labor-intensive, and maintaining the inocula and phosphorous requirement are major restrictions for farmers. Therefore, understanding mechanism of spore production, educating farmers on cheaper alternative ways of application, and testing different species of over different agroecological zones will help in maintaining biomass and applying it at low cost for further environmental conservation.
目前，毫无疑问，[某种物质，原文未明确写出]能够满足不同农业生态区水稻的氮需求。与合成氮肥相比，满江红对低地水稻生产有多种积极影响，包括提高土壤肥力、减少杂草、增加土壤有机碳、改善微生物生物量，从而促进养分循环并提高水稻生长和产量。然而，[满江红]尚未被全球水稻种植户接受用于田间，到目前为止，农民们依赖于增加合成氮肥的施用量，而不是利用[满江红]，因为这将改善土壤的长期肥力和健康状况。这篇系统的文献综述和科学证据可以帮助政策制定者、科学家和研究人员了解在水稻生产中利用[满江红]作为一种经济高效且环保的改良剂的益处、局限性和创新方法。本文采用系统评价与荟萃分析的首选报告项目（PRISMA）方法来综述满江红作为稻田生物肥料的潜在价值，并通过从不同来源收集信息，在不同小标题下总结其益处和问题，如影响满江红生长和固氮的关键因素、满江红的固氮作用及其对土壤健康的贡献、满江红氮素向水稻的释放和有效性、满江红接种的数量和时间、满江红对氨挥发的影响、满江红对水稻产量和产量构成因素的贡献，以及满江红对水稻种植系统中杂草出苗的影响。文献表明，在低地水稻生产中，在水稻移栽前将满江红作为绿肥翻耕入土，或与水稻一起种植并在收获前几天单独留存或与其他合成肥料混合使用，可节省高达60千克氮/公顷的水稻氮需求，它提高了养分的有效性，改善了土壤的物理化学性质，降低了土壤盐分，降低了土壤pH值，并减少了杂草萌发。然而，据观察，将满江红作为绿肥翻耕入土劳动强度大，而维持满江红接种物和磷需求是农民面临的主要限制因素。因此，了解孢子产生的机制，向农民传授更便宜的满江红施用替代方法，并在不同农业生态区测试不同种类的满江红，将有助于维持满江红生物量并以低成本施用，以进一步保护环境。
