Marzouk Said H, Kwaslema Damiano R, Omar Mohd M, Mohamed Said H
Ministry of Education and vocational training, Zanzibar, Tanzania.
Department of Soil and Geological Science, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Tanzania.
Heliyon. 2024 Dec 12;11(1):e41158. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e41158. eCollection 2025 Jan 15.
Sustainable agricultural practices are essential to meet food demands for the increased population while minimizing the environmental impact. Considering rice as staple food for most of the world's population, it requires innovative approaches to ensure sustainable production. In this paper, we create a hypothesis that integrated nutrient management (INM) acts as a source of energy for microbes and improves the physical, chemical and biological properties of soils, but the current understanding of how soil microbiomes interact in integrated nutrient management toward mediating climate stress to support sustainable rice crop production is limited. Hence, we develop literature search through Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) to explore the hidden knowledge related to that question. The outcomes of the study are postulated as a viable option to minimize excessive chemical fertilizers and promote organic-based nutrient management that directly impacts microbial consortia. This review uncovered that plant-microbe interactions and nutrient transformation depend heavily on soil microbes while the abundance, diversity, and activity of soil microbiome is enhanced more with integrated nutrient management than with sole synthetic fertilizers. Through their ability to enhance nutrient availability and uptake, improve soil structure, heavy metal detoxification, salinity and drought tolerance, and suppress pathogens, they can alleviate abiotic stress associated with climate change. Therefore, optimization of microbial communities serves as a potential mechanism for INM to enhance rice yield and mitigate climate stress. This would improve soil health and enhance the resilience of the rice plant to climate change. However, despite various benefits obtained through INM and microbes in paddy production systems, the literature indicated that adoption of this technology is limited to smallholder farmers due to lack of knowledge, unavailability of sufficient organic materials and poor understanding of the long-term impacts associated with over-application of chemical fertilizers. Therefore, scientists must translate several research discoveries related to sustainable agriculture into simple language that can be adopted by farmers and future research should be a farmers-participatory approach to generate awareness investments and knowledge of farmers in adopting sustainability measures. Additionally, research could focus on identifying mechanisms by which microbiomes improve nutrient uptake and rice growth and how these mechanisms can be optimized through integrated nutrient management strategies with regard to climate stresses.
可持续农业实践对于满足不断增长的人口的粮食需求，同时将环境影响降至最低至关重要。鉴于水稻是世界上大多数人口的主食，需要创新方法来确保可持续生产。在本文中，我们提出一个假设，即综合养分管理（INM）是微生物的能量来源，并能改善土壤的物理、化学和生物学性质，但目前对于土壤微生物群落如何在综合养分管理中相互作用以调节气候胁迫从而支持水稻可持续作物生产的理解有限。因此，我们通过系统评价与荟萃分析的首选报告项目（PRISMA）开展文献检索，以探索与该问题相关的隐藏知识。该研究结果被假定为减少过量化肥使用并促进直接影响微生物群落的有机养分管理的可行选择。这篇综述发现，植物-微生物相互作用和养分转化在很大程度上依赖于土壤微生物，而与单一合成肥料相比，综合养分管理能更有效地提高土壤微生物群落的丰度、多样性和活性。通过它们提高养分有效性和吸收、改善土壤结构、重金属解毒、耐盐和耐旱以及抑制病原体的能力，它们可以缓解与气候变化相关的非生物胁迫。因此，优化微生物群落是综合养分管理提高水稻产量和减轻气候胁迫的潜在机制。这将改善土壤健康状况，增强水稻植株对气候变化的适应能力。然而，尽管通过综合养分管理和微生物在稻田生产系统中获得了各种益处，但文献表明，由于缺乏知识、缺乏足够的有机材料以及对过量施用化肥的长期影响认识不足，这项技术在小农户中的采用率有限。因此，科学家必须将与可持续农业相关的多项研究发现转化为农民能够理解的简单语言，未来的研究应以农民参与的方式，提高农民对采用可持续性措施的认识、投资和知识。此外，研究可以集中于确定微生物群落改善养分吸收和水稻生长的机制，以及如何通过针对气候胁迫的综合养分管理策略来优化这些机制。
