Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
Institute of Naval Medicine, Alverstoke, United Kingdom.
Front Public Health. 2023 Jan 12;10:1101817. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1101817. eCollection 2022.
Outbreaks of SARS-CoV-2 onboard maritime platforms spread rapidly and have high attack rates. The aim of the COVID-19 Risk, Attitudes and Behaviour (CRAB) study was to investigate the knowledge, attitudes, and practises in the Royal Navy in relation to COVID-19 prevention.
The CRAB study was a cross-sectional survey, using a census sampling method, conducted in May and June 2021. An online questionnaire was distributed to all serving Royal Navy regular personnel using either the MyNavy application or a QR code through email for a continuous 14 day period. The questionnaire was based on an existing validated questionnaire used for avian influenza epidemics. Questions investigated individual perceptions of COVID-19 seriousness, compliance with prevention methods, explored vaccination intention and vaccine hesitancy (unvaccinated individuals who declined or were unsure about receiving a COVID-19 vaccine). The chi-squared test of best fit was used to compare the demographic responses against the whole organisation, with -value < 0.05 deemed significant. Odds ratios were used to investigate associations between demographic groups and responses to questions, with an odds ratio crossing 1.0 deemed non-significant.
The response rate was 6% (2,080/33,200), with 315 responses collated in the pilot phase and 1,765 in the main study phase. Male participants were less likely to rate COVID-19 as serious (OR 0.34; 95% CI: 0.23-0.49). BAME ethnicity (OR 2.41; 95% CI: 1.12-5.17) rated it as more serious. At the time of the study 62% of respondents had received one dose of a COVID-19 vaccine. In the 797 unvaccinated personnel, vaccine hesitancy accounted for 24.2% (193/797), of whom 136 were white males. Those who had a higher COVID-19 serious rating, the most significant factor for non-adherence to COVID-19 prevention measures in both vaccinated (OR 1.61 [95%CI: 1.20-2.17]) and vaccine-hesitant (OR 3.24 [95%CI: 1.63-6.41]) individuals was colleagues' non-adherence. The most trusted source of information on vaccines was provided by the Defence Medical Services (77.2% [1,606/2,080]).
This study has identified reasons for COVID-19 protective measure adherence, sources of information trusted by respondents and vaccine hesitancy, in the Royal Navy. The questionnaire can be used to investigate attitudes and behaviours in future emerging infectious diseases.
新冠病毒在海上平台上的爆发迅速蔓延，且感染率很高。COVID-19 风险、态度和行为（CRAB）研究旨在调查英国皇家海军在 COVID-19 预防方面的知识、态度和实践。
CRAB 研究是一项横断面调查，采用整群抽样方法，于 2021 年 5 月至 6 月进行。使用 MyNavy 应用程序或通过电子邮件中的 QR 码向所有现役英国皇家海军现役人员分发在线问卷，持续 14 天。问卷基于用于禽流感流行的现有经过验证的问卷。问题调查了个人对 COVID-19 严重性的看法、对预防方法的遵守情况，探讨了疫苗接种意向和疫苗犹豫（未接种疫苗但拒绝或不确定接种 COVID-19 疫苗的人）。最佳拟合卡方检验用于比较人口统计学响应与整个组织，p 值<0.05 被认为具有统计学意义。优势比用于调查人口统计学群体与问题回答之间的关联，优势比超过 1.0 被认为无统计学意义。
应答率为 6%（2080/33200），在试点阶段收集了 315 份回复，在主要研究阶段收集了 1765 份回复。男性参与者不太可能将 COVID-19 视为严重疾病（OR 0.34；95%CI：0.23-0.49）。BAME 族裔（OR 2.41；95%CI：1.12-5.17）认为它更严重。在研究时，62%的受访者已接种一剂 COVID-19 疫苗。在未接种疫苗的 797 人中，疫苗犹豫占 24.2%（193/797），其中 136 人为白人男性。那些对 COVID-19 严重程度评价较高、对 COVID-19 预防措施的遵守程度最低的人，在接种疫苗的人群（OR 1.61 [95%CI：1.20-2.17]）和疫苗犹豫的人群（OR 3.24 [95%CI：1.63-6.41]）中，最重要的因素是同事不遵守规定。受访者最信任的疫苗信息来源是国防医疗服务（77.2% [1,606/2,080]）。
本研究确定了英国皇家海军 COVID-19 保护措施依从性、受访者信任的信息来源和疫苗犹豫的原因。该问卷可用于调查未来新发传染病的态度和行为。
