Di Clemente Riccardo, Lengyel Balázs, Andersson Lars F, Eriksson Rikard
Department of Computer Science, Exeter University, Exeter EX4 4PY, United Kingdom.
The Alan Turing Institute, London NW12DB, United Kingdom.
PNAS Nexus. 2022 Nov 27;1(5):pgac262. doi: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgac262. eCollection 2022 Nov.
Core objectives of European common market integration are convergence and economic growth, but these are hampered by redundancy, and value chain asymmetries. The challenge is how to harmonize labor division to reach global competitiveness, meanwhile bridging productivity differences across the EU. We develop a bipartite network approach to trace pairwise co-specialization by applying the revealed comparative advantage method within and between the EU15 and Central and Eastern European (CEE). This approach assesses redundancies and the division of labor in the EU at the level of industries and countries. We find significant co-specialization among CEE countries but a diverging specialization between EU15 and CEE. Productivity increases in those CEE industries that have co-specialized with other CEE countries after EU accession, while co-specialization across CEE and EU15 countries is less related to productivity growth. These results show that a division of sectoral specialization can lead to productivity convergence between EU15 and CEE countries.
欧洲共同市场一体化的核心目标是趋同和经济增长，但这些目标受到冗余和价值链不对称的阻碍。挑战在于如何协调劳动分工以实现全球竞争力，同时弥合欧盟内部的生产率差异。我们开发了一种双边网络方法，通过在欧盟15国与中东欧（CEE）内部及之间应用显性比较优势方法来追踪两两之间的共同专业化。这种方法在行业和国家层面评估欧盟内部的冗余和劳动分工。我们发现中东欧国家之间存在显著的共同专业化，但欧盟15国与中东欧之间的专业化存在差异。中东欧国家在加入欧盟后与其他中东欧国家共同专业化的那些行业中生产率有所提高，而中东欧与欧盟15国之间的共同专业化与生产率增长的关联较小。这些结果表明，部门专业化分工可以导致欧盟15国与中东欧国家之间的生产率趋同。
