Mass cytometry and single-cell RNA sequencing reveal immune cell characteristics of active and inactive phases of Crohn's disease.

OBJECTIVES

For Crohn's disease (CD), the alternation of the active phase and inactive phase may be related to humoral immunity and cellular immunity. This study aims to understand the characteristics of immune cells in patients with active CD (CDa) and inactive CD (CDin).

METHODS

Mass cytometry (CyTOF) and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data about CDa, CDin, and healthy control (HC) were included. CyTOF analysis was performed to capture gated subsets, including T cells, T regulatory (Treg) cells, B cells, innate immune cells, and natural killer (NK) cells. Differential analysis was used to identify different immune cell subsets among CDa, CDin, and HC. ScRNA-seq analysis was used to verify the results of CyTOF. CD-related signaling pathways were obtained using KEGG pathway enrichment analysis. CellChat analysis was used to infer the cell communication network among immune cell subsets.

RESULTS

Compared to patients with CDin, patients with CDa had higher abundances of CD16CD38CD4CXCR3CCR6 naive T cells, HLA-DRCD38IFNγTNF effector memory (EM) T cells, HLA-DRIFNγ naive B cells, and CD14CD11CIFNγIL1B monocytes. KEGG analysis showed the similarity of pathway enrichment for the earlier four subsets, such as thermogenesis, oxidative phosphorylation, and metabolic pathways. The patients with CDin were characterized by an increased number of CD16CD56CD44HLA-DRIL22 NK cells. Compared to HC, patients with CDa demonstrated a low abundance of HLA-DRCCR6 NK cells and a high abundance of FOXP3CD44 EM Tregs. CellChat analysis revealed the interaction network of cell subsets amplifying in CDa compared with CDin.

CONCLUSION

Some immune subsets cells were identified for CDa and CDin. These cells may be related to the occurrence and development of CD and may provide assistance in disease diagnosis and treatment.