Aziz Yahya, Janjua Abdul Kashif, Hassan Muhammad, Anwar Mustafa, Kanwal Saira, Yousif Muhammad
US-Pakistan Centre for Advanced Studies in Energy, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), 44000 Islamabad, Pakistan.
School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), 44000 Islamabad, Pakistan.
Environ Dev Sustain. 2023 Jan 23:1-22. doi: 10.1007/s10668-023-02919-5.
Hybrid renewable energy sources are sustainable and eco-friendly and challenge the alternative sources of conventional energy production facilities. Pakistan's present energy dilemma is a serious impediment to its economic progress. This paper proposes a techno-economic analysis of commercial-scale photovoltaic (PV) systems for commercial agricultural farms in Punjab, Pakistan. A survey was conducted to gather the load data of the farms from major cities of north, center, and south Punjab. For the PV system design, the K-means approach was used to cluster data from 93 farmers into nine clusters with similar electrical consumption. A complete technical, economic, and environmental study is undertaken of the PV systems deployed in five selected cities. The most practical locations are Attock and Multan, which have the lowest Levelized Cost of Energy at 5.52 and 5.37 cents/kWh, respectively. PV installations are nevertheless technically, economically, and environmentally feasible for all cities. Throughout its lifespan, the planned PV system has the potential for Faisalabad and Chiniot to minimize 154 metric tons of emissions, resulting in a greener environment.
混合可再生能源具有可持续性且环保，对传统能源生产设施的替代能源构成了挑战。巴基斯坦目前的能源困境严重阻碍了其经济发展。本文对巴基斯坦旁遮普省商业规模的农用光伏（PV）系统进行了技术经济分析。开展了一项调查，以收集旁遮普省北部、中部和南部主要城市农场的负荷数据。对于光伏系统设计，采用K均值方法将93位农民的数据聚类为九个电力消耗相似的集群。对五个选定城市部署的光伏系统进行了全面的技术、经济和环境研究。最具实际可行性的地点是阿托克和木尔坦，其平准化能源成本分别为每千瓦时5.52美分和5.37美分，为最低。不过，光伏装置在所有城市在技术、经济和环境方面都是可行的。在其整个寿命周期内，规划的光伏系统有可能使费萨拉巴德和奇尼奥特的排放量减少154公吨，从而营造更绿色的环境。
