Hu Zedan, Bi Sitong, Wang Wei, Liu Chunjing, Li Lihua
Children's Center, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Front Pediatr. 2023 Jan 13;10:961137. doi: 10.3389/fped.2022.961137. eCollection 2022.
This study aimed to investigate the current status of screen exposure and the factors related to screen exposure in primary school students and explore the relationship between screen exposure and psychosocial problems, which may provide evidence for the scientific use of electronic products and psychological interventions used in these children.
The parents of 811 primary school students aged 6-12 years received a questionnaire survey in Beijing between January 13 and January 16, 2022. The demographic data and daily screen exposure time were collected, and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) about their children was administered online.
In 793 students, the average daily screen exposure of <2 h and ≥2 h was noted in 75.0% and 25% of patients, respectively. The mobile phone was the main medium for screen exposure (40.9%). The family's economic level, parental relationship, and main supervisor were related to screen exposure time ( = 44.8,14.5 and 12.4, < 0.05). A low family economic level with a monthly income not meeting the basic living needs, poor parental relationship, and an elderly person responsible for supervision were related to increased screen exposure time. The abnormal emotional and behavioral symptoms, conduct problems, hyperactivity inattention, peer communication, prosocial behaviors, and a total difficulties score were found in 11.6%, 9.8%, 15.3%, 22.1%, 6.8%, and 13.4% of children, respectively. Excessive screen exposure was related to peer interaction and prosocial behaviors ( = 12.18 and 7.76, < 0.05). The children with excessive screen exposure were more likely to have abnormal peer interaction ( = 12.09, = 0.001) and prosocial behaviors ( = 7.76, = 0.005). Excessive screen exposure was a risk factor for peer interaction problems ( < 0.05).
In conclusion, the detection rate of excessive screen exposure is higher in primary school students, which is related to the family's economic level, parental relationship, and main supervisor. Excessive screen exposure is harmful to the psychosocial health of these children, which is characterized by abnormal peer intercommunion and prosocial behaviors. More attention should be paid to screen exposure time in primary school students.
本研究旨在调查小学生的屏幕暴露现状及其相关因素，并探讨屏幕暴露与心理社会问题之间的关系，为这些儿童科学使用电子产品及心理干预提供依据。
2022年1月13日至1月16日，对北京市811名6-12岁小学生的家长进行问卷调查。收集人口统计学数据和每日屏幕暴露时间，并在线发放关于其子女的长处与困难问卷（SDQ）。
793名学生中，每日屏幕暴露时间<2小时和≥2小时的患者分别占75.0%和25%。手机是屏幕暴露的主要媒介（40.9%）。家庭经济水平、父母关系和主要监护人与屏幕暴露时间有关（F=44.8、14.5和12.4，P<0.05）。家庭经济水平低、月收入未达到基本生活需求、父母关系差以及由老年人负责监管与屏幕暴露时间增加有关。分别有11.6%、9.8%、15.3%、22.1%、6.8%和13.4%的儿童存在情绪和行为症状异常、品行问题、多动注意力不集中、同伴交往、亲社会行为以及总困难得分异常。过度屏幕暴露与同伴互动和亲社会行为有关（F=12.18和7.76，P<0.05）。过度屏幕暴露的儿童更易出现同伴互动异常（χ²=12.09，P=0.001）和亲社会行为异常（χ²=7.76，P=0.005）。过度屏幕暴露是同伴互动问题的危险因素（P<0.05）。
综上所述，小学生过度屏幕暴露检出率较高，与家庭经济水平、父母关系和主要监护人有关。过度屏幕暴露对这些儿童的心理社会健康有害，表现为同伴交往异常和亲社会行为异常。应更加关注小学生的屏幕暴露时间。
