Armstrong-Carter Emma, Do Kathy T, Duell Natasha, Kwon Seh-Joo, Lindquist Kristen A, Prinstein Mitch J, Telzer Eva H
Graduate School of Education, Stanford University.
Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
Soc Dev. 2023 Feb;32(1):188-203. doi: 10.1111/sode.12630. Epub 2022 Sep 1.
Many prosocial behaviors involve social risks such as speaking out against a popular opinion, bias, group norm, or authority. However, little is known about whether adolescents' prosocial tendencies develop over time with their perceptions of social risks. This accelerated longitudinal study used within-subject growth-curve analyses to test the link between prosocial tendencies and social risk perceptions, in a sample of adolescents who completed self-reports annually for three years (N = 893; = 12.30 years, 10 - 14 years at Wave 1, and 10 - 17 years across the full study period; 50% Girls, 33% White non-Latinx, 27% Latinx, 20% African American, 20% Mixed/Other Race). The association between social risk tolerance and prosocial tendencies changed significantly across adolescence, such that at for younger adolescents, more prosocial tendencies were associated with less social risk tolerance, whereas for relatively older adolescents, more prosocial tendencies were associated marginally with more social risk tolerance. Additional individual differences by empathy (but not sensation seeking) emerged. These findings suggest that prosocial development across adolescence may be associated with an underlying ability to tolerate social risks.
许多亲社会行为都伴随着社会风险，比如公开反对大众观点、偏见、群体规范或权威。然而，对于青少年的亲社会倾向是否会随着他们对社会风险的认知而发展，我们却知之甚少。这项加速纵向研究采用了个体内生长曲线分析方法，以检验亲社会倾向与社会风险认知之间的联系，研究样本为连续三年每年都完成自我报告的青少年（N = 893；平均年龄 = 12.30岁，第1波时年龄在10 - 14岁之间，整个研究期间年龄在10 - 17岁之间；50%为女孩，33%为非拉丁裔白人，27%为拉丁裔，20%为非裔美国人，20%为其他种族/混血）。社会风险容忍度与亲社会倾向之间的关联在整个青春期有显著变化，具体表现为，对于较年幼的青少年，亲社会倾向越强，社会风险容忍度越低；而对于相对年长的青少年，亲社会倾向越强，社会风险容忍度则略有增加。此外，还出现了共情方面（而非寻求刺激方面）的个体差异。这些发现表明，青少年时期的亲社会发展可能与容忍社会风险的潜在能力有关。
