Čoma Matúš, Manning Joachim C, Kaltner Herbert, Gál Peter
Department of Biomedical Research, East-Slovak Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Inc, Košice, Slovak Republic.
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Košice, Slovak Republic.
Expert Opin Ther Targets. 2023 Jan;27(1):41-53. doi: 10.1080/14728222.2023.2175318. Epub 2023 Feb 9.
Understanding the molecular and cellular processes involved in skin wound healing may pave the way for the development of innovative approaches to transforming the identified natural effectors into therapeutic tools. Based on the extensive involvement of the ga(lactoside-binding)lectin family in (patho)physiological processes, it has been well established that galectins are involved in a wide range of cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions.
In the present paper, we provide an overview of the biological role of galectins in repair and regeneration, focusing on four main phases (hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and maturation/remodeling) of skin repair using basic wound models (open excision vs. sutured incision).
The reported data make a strong case for directing further efforts to treat excisional and incisional wounds differently. Functions of galectins essentially result from their modular presentation. In fact, Gal-1 seems to play a role in the early phases of healing (anti-inflammatory) and wound contraction, Gal-3 accelerates re-epithelization and increases tensile strength (scar inductor). Galectins have also become subject of redesigning by engineering to optimize the activity. Clinically relevant, these new tools derived from the carbohydrate recognition domain platform may also prove helpful for other purposes, such as potent antibacterial agglutinins and opsonins.
了解皮肤伤口愈合所涉及的分子和细胞过程，可能为开发创新方法铺平道路，这些方法可将已确定的天然效应分子转化为治疗工具。基于半乳糖（苷结合）凝集素家族在（病理）生理过程中的广泛参与，人们已经充分认识到半乳糖凝集素参与了广泛的细胞间和细胞与基质间的相互作用。
在本文中，我们概述了半乳糖凝集素在修复和再生中的生物学作用，重点关注使用基本伤口模型（开放性切除与缝合切口）的皮肤修复的四个主要阶段（止血、炎症、增殖和成熟/重塑）。
已报道的数据有力地支持了对切除性伤口和切开性伤口进行不同治疗的进一步研究。半乳糖凝集素的功能主要源于其模块化的呈现方式。事实上，Gal-1似乎在愈合的早期阶段（抗炎）和伤口收缩中发挥作用，Gal-3加速上皮再形成并增加拉伸强度（瘢痕诱导因子）。半乳糖凝集素也已成为通过工程设计进行重新设计以优化活性的对象。从临床相关性来看，这些源自碳水化合物识别域平台的新工具可能也有助于其他目的，例如强效抗菌凝集素和调理素。
