Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Fuqua School of Business, Duke University.
School of Marketing and International Business, Spears School of Business, Oklahoma State University.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2023 Jul;125(1):29-56. doi: 10.1037/pspa0000336. Epub 2023 Jan 30.
In recent years, much of the American public has venerated military veterans as heroes. Despite overwhelmingly positive public attitudes toward veterans, veterans have experienced higher rates of unemployment and underemployment than their nonveteran peers. The current research leverages theory and research on positive stereotypes to shed light on this seeming inconsistency between the heroization of veterans and their heightened rates of unemployment and underemployment. We conceptualize the hero label as a pervasive positive stereotype, and we employ complementary methods and designs (correlational, quasi-experimental, experimental, and mediational) to investigate the consequences and implications of attaching this label to military veterans. We then extend our theorizing to other heroized groups (e.g., firefighters, paramedics, teachers, and social workers). The results across studies suggest that heroization leads the American public to funnel heroized individuals and groups into a limited set of lower paying jobs, organizations, and careers associated with selflessness. This research not only offers insights into an important real-world problem but also offers a first experimental investigation of the consequences and implications of labeling a group of people as heroes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
近年来，许多美国公众将退伍军人视为英雄。尽管公众对退伍军人的态度极为正面，但退伍军人的失业率和就业不足率却高于非退伍军人。本研究利用关于积极刻板印象的理论和研究来阐明退伍军人被神化与其较高的失业率和就业不足率之间的这种明显矛盾。我们将英雄标签概念化为一种普遍存在的积极刻板印象，并采用相关、准实验、实验和中介方法设计来调查将此标签贴在退伍军人身上的后果和影响。然后，我们将我们的理论扩展到其他被神化的群体（例如消防员、护理人员、教师和社会工作者）。各项研究的结果表明，神化导致美国公众将被神化的个人和群体纳入一系列与无私相关的低收入工作、组织和职业中。这项研究不仅提供了对一个重要现实世界问题的深刻见解，而且还首次对将一群人贴上英雄标签的后果和影响进行了实验研究。（PsycInfo 数据库记录（c）2023 APA，保留所有权利）。
